Of all Chinese business gangs, Guangdong Chaozhou gang is the last to fall, remaining in existence. Despite the impact of the environmental factors suggested by Watson, Guangdong Chaozhou gang is open-minded, adventurous, innovative and pragmatic; characteristics that are seen less in other gangs. The support and encouragement provided by national development policies, such as those of overseas capitals (including Hong Kong and Macau) as suggested by Skinner, has had a significant impact in the initial stages of reform and the opening of modern China. Other factors such as geographic effects, religion and local culture also influenced the rise and fall of Chinese business gangs. Local culture is affected by the personality of the people, which subsequently influenced the success of the gangs. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the rise and fall of Chinese business gangs is affected only by environmental factors according to behaviourism. The results showed that other factors such as local culture, policy making and overseas capitals also play an important role.