Knowledge sharing among public organization employees may not happen easily, especially when performance pressure or a competitive atmosphere is perceived by employees. While both systems of performance assessment and knowledge management are prevalent in public organizations, this study attempts to empirically study public employees’ behavioral reactions toward the two systems above. Hence, the following questions will be addressed: Firstly, as both knowledge sharing and performance measurement systems are undertaken in organizations, do organizational members like to share or hoard their knowledge? And why? Secondly, will a performance evaluation system negatively influence employees’ knowledge-sharing behaviors across organizational units or agencies? If so, why? By using scenario-based focus-group interviews, this study found that public employees, generally speaking, like to share their knowledge with colleagues. It is evident that some factors encourage public employees’ knowledge-sharing behaviors in different organizational contexts, including personal relationships, reciprocity, requirement of teamwork, mutual professional support, request of insensitive information, as well as the intention of keeping a harmonious atmosphere in workplaces. In addition, negative factors that may hinder organizational knowledge-sharing were found as well, such as time restriction, stress from work, level of tacitness of the knowledge, rude attitude of asker of knowledge, unwelcome responsibility shift, unpleasant pressure