歷史的研究，鑑古知今我們知道了歷史發展的脈絡，也在廣大浩瀚的紀元當中探索著這稍縱即逝、渺難追尋的一段時期。回顧歷史，總是讓我們對於過去的事件不斷思索與檢討。過去發生的種種，也籍由現今約場景與思惟方式「重建」。因為，過去所發生的事情不可能再次一模一樣的再現。因此有了現代人解釋歷史的各種方法，在過去人類的記錄當中，生活上本身就伴隨著許多層面的情況：政治、經濟、文化、宗教、文學甚至醫療等；種種於生活品當中其實的呈現亦是歷史的多元面向。而這也是目前當代歷史呈現多元與辯論豐富的有趣現象。在進入二十世紀學術研究百家爭鳴的時代，不論是在「新文化史」、「後現代史學」或許是在其他「微觀史學」的研究領域範園內，歷史研究的方法和本質仍是有其遵循的規則。而這也就是被喻為近代史學之父的著名德國史家－蘭克(Leopold von Ranke, 1795~1886)所揭橥對於歷史的研究所給予的定義－「如質實書」(Wie es eigentlich gewesen)一樣。不論現在以至於未來，對於歷史這門學科在道德統上的維護都有其基本的定義存在。而學科在發展過程當中總是會清楚的記錄並留下屬於當代的特色。從「過去」到「現代」都是一個過程、亦是一個挑戰、檢討，甚至走進步。基本上對於史學研究的發展是正面的。畢竟他籍由更多的方法將歷史點綴與裝飾。從當代的角度微觀歷史，在他所蘊含的豐富想象與討論的空間當中，亦是一必須思考與理解的專門研究學科。事實上就史學約角度而言，從過去至現代就是一個發展的過程，這樣的一個過程同時也代表著一種進步、亦是一個讓歷史發展更加多元與茁壯的階段與里程。

On historical studies, we have many ideas to understand. From "Past" to "Now", we always reflect and rethink history and are always used to having modem ways to recreate history. In many topic of subjects, like literature, economy, religion and culture, no matter what kinds of subjects they are, we should obey the mica when we research. This is the fundamental methodology. There are many kinds of subjects about history in the 20 (superscript th) century. In the field about New Cultural History, Post-Modernism History or Microhistory, by historical methodology, we should have common ways to track. The basic theory was made by the famous German historian in the 19 (superscript th) century-Lcopole von Ranke (1795-l886). He defined the historical study by "Win es eigentlich gewesen" and on this definition, people know the basic methodology about history. What is history? History is not only the "fact", but also the "truth". The most important idea is how to represent and interpret history. To this idea, it presents many spheres about history. When we research a subject in history, we shall obey its theory and prove the existence and truth as Science. Ranke's theory also influences the development of modem history, even the Chinese historical methodology in the East. This is Ranke's great contribution to history. By Ranke's idea, we understand: History is a subject of science and a serious study. This is also a significant step for historical progression.