From the second half of the nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth, as China experienced a series of struggles for its survival, from the Opium Wars to the Sino-JapaneseWar, the Eight-Nation Alliance and others, the intellectuals of the time at once energetically resisted theWest, yet at the same time found ways to study it. In 1895, upon the defeat of China by Japan, the Chinese view of Japan changed dramatically. Post – Meiji Restoration Japan became the object of strong yearning, and after the failure of the Hundred Days’ Reform in 1898, for those who fled to Japan such as Kang Liang and his followers, Japan truly became the shrine of enlightenment. In this historical moment of Sino-Japanese exchange, Huang Zunxian was an important vanguard. In 1877, Huang Zunxian accompanied He Ruzhang on a diplomatic mission to Japan, and between 1879 and 1887, he published and reprinted his collection Poems on Miscellaneous Events in Japan, completed his Treatises on Japan, and among late Qing intellectuals he could be considered the most knowledgeable about Japan. In addition to providing an introduction to Japanese historical materials and all areas of contemporary knowledge, Huang Zunxian also was the first representative of Liang Qichao’s “Poetry revolution.” He was the most experienced in employing old-style poetry to confront the new world and new events. Meanwhile, prior to Huang Zunxian’s envoy to Japan, the leader of the kanshi forum, Mori Syunto, had edited Tokyo Talents Quatrain Collection, and had also edited a monthly kanshi literary journal, Shinbunshi, that similarly confronted the post-Restoration importation of Western ideas, academics, and lexicon. Huang Zunxian, Mori Syunto, and their cohort of friends formed a space in which to “meet” the tide of the West’s so-called “opening of civilization” though Chinese-style poetry, and especially to confront the “Correlative Thinking” that Chinese-style poetry represented in the experience of the period’s World Exposition. In so doing, in the midst of provisional borrowing and re-situating from among new and old phraseology; in the midst of analogizing and harmonizing the new and the old theoretical frameworks, they constructed a place of exchange and dialogue between the old tradition and the new knowledge. Indeed, they stand as a fine example of the discussion at the edge of the century on whether to answer or defy the cultural border crossing.