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題名：社會比較情境中表現劣者的沒面子感受與情緒：臉面共享成員在場與情境公開性的影響
書刊名：中華輔導與諮商學報
作者：韓貴香 引用關係
作者(外文)：Han, Kuei-hsiang
出版日期：2014
卷期：41
頁次：頁1-24
主題關鍵詞：沒面子；社會比較；情境依附自尊；情緒；Losing face；Social comparison；Social-contingent self-esteem；Emotion
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:328
  • 點閱點閱:121
本研究以情緒「自我歸咎」vs.「他人歸咎」的認知觀點，採情境實驗法探討影響個人面子感受的兩項因素：「強迫式比較」vs.「第三者比較」。研究結果顯示：在第三者比較時，研究參與者評量的沒面子感受大於強迫式比較。而兩種情境的情緒差異主要在於：強迫式比較的情緒感受以沮喪鬱悶和困窘難堪為主；第三者比較則除了沮喪鬱悶和困窘難堪，還有受傷害和受羞辱。進一步將強迫式比較細分為個人私下知覺表現不如人時「有」vs.「沒有」臉面共享的家人在場。結果顯示有家人在場的沒面子感受大於沒有家人在場，兩種情境表現劣者都會感到困窘難堪和沮喪鬱悶，且家人在場時還會有罪惡感和懊悔的情緒。同樣將第三者比較的情境再細分為第三者（家人）提出表現不如人訊息的情境是「公開指責」vs.「私下規勸」。研究顯示公開指責的沒面子感受高於私下規勸，私下規勸情境的主要情緒是沮喪鬱悶、困窘難堪、懊悔和罪惡感；公開指責的情境則除了沮喪鬱悶和困窘難堪外，受傷害、受羞辱和生氣的感受也都明顯上升，但罪惡感反而下降。
This study focused on the effects of ＂forced comparison (the message of ＂I'm worse than others＂ was perceived by oneself) and ＂third party comparison (the same message was stated by others)＂ on participants' feelings of losing face and emotions. The results showed that participants rated higher degree of no face in the context of third party comparison than that of forced comparison. Participants in both contexts experienced the feelings of depression and embarrassment. When the comparison was made by the third party, participants also experienced the feelings of being humiliated and hurt. The condition of ＂forced comparison＂ was further divided into two groups: there was vs. there was not a face-sharing member (mother) in the context. The results showed that participants experienced higher degree of losing face when there was a family member in the context. In addition to the basic feelings of depression and embarrassment, participants also experienced the feelings of regret and guilty with the presence of a family member. Similarly, the condition of ＂third party comparison＂ was further divided into two groups: stating the message ＂privately＂ vs. ＂publicly＂. The results indicated that if one's bad performance was stated publicly rather than privately, one would experience stronger feelings of losing face. As to the emotions, participants experienced depression, embarrassment, regret, and guilty feelings when in a private situation. On the contrary, if the situation was in front of others, participants would still experience the feelings of depression and embarrassment along with humiliation, hurt, and anger. To explain the results, the cognitive perspective of self-blamed vs. other-blamed for emotions was discussed.
期刊論文
1.成中英(1986)。The Concept of Face and Its Confucian Roots。Journal of Chinese Philosophy，13，329-348。  new window
2.高泉豐、林思賢(20090300)。系統性訊息處理對既有與新形成態度之雙歧性的影響。中華心理學刊，51(1)，37-55。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.韓貴香(20120300)。沒面子與情緒：事件歸咎對象與相對權力的影響效果之探討。應用心理研究，53，131-152。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.黃光國(2006)。Moral face and social face: Contingent self-esteem in Confucian society。International Journal of Psychology，41(4)，276-281。  new window
5.Kam, Chester Chun-Seng、Bond, Michael Harris(2008)。Role of emotions and behavioural responses in mediating the impact of face loss on relationship deterioration: Are Chinese more face-sensitive than Americans?。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，11(2)，175-184。  new window
6.Sabini, J.、Meyerowitz, M.、Siepmann, M.、Stein, J.(2000)。Who is embarrassed by what?。Cognition and Emotion，14，213-240。  new window
7.Iyengar, S. S.、Lepper, M. R.(1999)。Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，76(3)，349-366。  new window
8.李美枝(19930600)。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。本土心理學研究，1，267-300。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.李美枝(19980600)。中國人親子關係的內涵與功能：以大學生為例。本土心理學研究，9，3-52。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Higgins, E. Tory(1987)。Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect。Psychological Review，94(3)，319-340。  new window
11.Smith, Craig A.、Ellsworth, Phoebe C.(1985)。Patterns of Cognitive Appraisal in Emotion。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，48(4)，813-838。  new window
12.蘇珊筠、黃光國(20030900)。退休老人與大學生在生活場域中的關係與面子。中華心理學刊，45(3)，295-311。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.余安邦、楊國樞(19890600)。社會取向成就動機與個我取向成就動機：概念分析與實徵研究。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，64，51-98。  延伸查詢new window
14.朱瑞玲(19910100)。「面子」壓力與其因應行為。國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學，1(1)，14-31。  延伸查詢new window
15.翟學偉(2004)。人情、面子與權力的再生產--情理社會中的社會交換方式。社會學研究，2004(5)，48-57。  延伸查詢new window
16.韓貴香(20100900)。沒面子類型對情緒感受之影響。教育與心理研究，33(3)，1-24。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Bell, C.、Song, F.(2005)。Emotions in the conflict process: An application of the cognitive appraisal model of emotions to conflict management。The International Journal of Conflict Management，16(1)，30-54。  new window
學位論文
1.劉思怡(2007)。給面子或裡子？ 自己人負面表現的回饋方式及場合公開性對人際知覺的影響─旁觀者的角度(碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學，高雄。  延伸查詢new window
2.朱浚賢(2008)。關係與道德臉面： 關係與道德臉面：關係他人失德事件對個人面子感受的影響(碩士論文)。臺灣大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
3.呂信慧(2003)。家中手足比較訊息與手足關係之研究--以學業表現為例(碩士論文)。國立政治大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
4.危芷芬(2001)。華人的關係類型與人際義務(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.徐富珍(1998)。社會比較的效果：對個人情感、認知、及行為之影響研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.King, A. Y. S.、Myers, J. T.(1977)。Shame as an incomplete conception of Chinese culture: A study of face。Hong Kong：Social Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong。  new window
2.黃光國(20050000)。儒家關係主義：文化反思與典範重建。臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Schlenker, Barry R.(1980)。Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations。Brooks/Cole。  new window
圖書論文
1.Dunn, J.(1992)。Sisters and brothers: Current issue in developmental research。Children's sibling relationships-developmental and clinical issue。Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
2.Kitayama, S.、Markus, H. R.、Matsumoto, H.(1995)。Culture, self, and emotion: A cultural perspective on "self-conscious" emotions。Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
3.金耀基(1986)。面、恥與中國人行為分析。中國人的心理。臺北：桂冠圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
4.Elison, J.、Harter, S.(2007)。Humiliation: Causes, correlates, and consequences。The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
5.Lewis, M.(1995)。Embarrassment: The emotion of self-exposure and evaluation。Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
6.Miller, R. S.(1995)。Embarrassment and social behavior。Selfconscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
7.Tangney, J. P.、Stuewig, J.、Mashek, D. J.(2007)。What's moral about: The self-conscious emotions?。The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
8.陳之昭(1988)。面子心理的理論分析與實際研究。中國人的心理。臺北：桂冠圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
9.楊中芳(19910000)。試論中國人的「自己」：理論與研究方向。中國人．中國心：人格與社會篇。臺北：遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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