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題名:團隊學習成效之探討-以台灣醫療院所之實務社群為例
作者:吳世望
作者(外文):Shih-Wang Wu
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:企業管理所
指導教授:鍾憲瑞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2010
主題關鍵詞:團隊認同團隊創造力團隊知識獲取實務社群團隊學習Team Knowledge AcquisitionTeam LearningCommunity of PracticeTeam CreativityTeam Recognition
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在知識經濟社會,一個好的學習團隊是能適時的檢討團隊績效,並促進成員的高度參與以共同達成組織目標。在現代組織中,學習的基本單位是團隊而非個人,所以團隊學習的目的是激發群體並促進個人與組織的進步。在醫療管理實務上,常用的團隊學習方法是實務社群的方式,像是品管圈(QCC)、臨床科務會議或臨床病歷討論會等,來增進團隊之問題解決能力。本研究挑選醫院中以團隊方式運作之代表性實務社群團隊,亦即品管圈(QCC)作為本研究之研究對象。本研究以結構式問卷針對醫療機構中之品管圈成員進行調查,以能瞭解醫院中以實務社群運作為主之團隊學習方式是否能夠發揮學習綜效。本研究問卷共發至493家醫院以探討醫院中的團隊知識獲取主動性、團隊學習成效與團隊創造力間之關聯,以及與團隊認同之影響。
本研究共獲得以下五點結論:1.在現今競爭激烈之醫療環境,醫院評鑑等級較高的醫療院所,其內部實務社群之成員確實在團隊學習上表現較為優異。亦即透過外在監督(醫院評鑑制度與民眾)對於醫院會產生正面之改變。2.在可預期較佳的團隊學習成效上,首先即是要強化團隊知識獲取主動性。若能搭配激勵方式,或至少設置院內輔導員,將能引發其參與意願與學習。3.團隊知識獲取之主動性經過本研究檢驗後,確實對團隊學習成效會產生顯著正向影響。醫療機構可藉由提升團隊知識獲取之主動性,以增進團隊學習成效。4.團隊知識獲取主動性對團隊創造力亦有顯著正向影響。若能有效引發員工創造力,則服務改善亦可由日常工作與觀察中得到靈感,並能著手設計與落實。5.團隊認同在其對團隊學習成效與創造力影響之主效用皆為顯著正向。雖然調節作用與預期的並不相符,甚至出現相反的狀況,但至少但如何在強化團隊認同,又不期望引起負向調節的效果,則組織可能在團隊認同高的情況下,應設置避免引起負面效果的機制,例如任務輪調,以能收兩全其美之效。
In a knowledge-based economy, an excellent team for learning can review their own performance and encourage participation in order to reach the goal of organization. The basic unit of learning is team in modern organization, so that the purpose of team learning is to motivate team and promote the progress of individual and organization. The way of team learning in common use is the community of practice in order to increase the problem-saving capability, like Quality Control Circle (QCC), grant round or seminar of medical record. This research took QCC in hospitals as the research object, and issued the structural questionnaires to members belonging to each QCC. 493 hospitals passed the hospital accreditation survey and contracted with Bureau of National Health Insurance in 2007 were the research subjects. The study expected to know if team learning can bring synergy, and to explore the relationship among active team knowledge acquisition, team learning performance and team creativity, and the moderating of team recognition in hospitals.
This research proposed 5 conclusions as follows.
1.In the competitive environment, the higher level of hospital accreditation the hospitals were, the better team learning performance their teams showed. That is there will be positive changing via external monitoring, ex: the hospital accreditation system and customers.
2.The administrators should strengthen the active team knowledge acquisition first in order to induce better team learning performance. If administrators can provide the incentive or set up the internal instructor at least, the staffs could be motivated the will to learn actively.
3.The active team knowledge acquisition does positively influence team learning performance significantly. The administrators can improve the team learning performance via inducing active team knowledge acquisition.
4.The active team knowledge acquisition does also positively influence team creativity significantly. If we can induce staffs’ creativity, thus we can get inspiration to improve service via daily working and observation, and the improvement will be well designed and done.
5.The main effect of team recognition on team learning performance and team creativity is significantly positive, although the moderating effect is not fit to the expectation. The administrators not only should strengthen staffs’ team recognition to make positive influence, but also should adopt some mechanisms like the task rotation to avoid negative impact at the same time.
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