Hsia Yun-i (1596~1645) and Hsia Wan-ch’un (1631~1647) were father and son, both of them died because of taking part in the anti-Ch;ing movement in Sung-chang. Although they were not the most famous martyrs in the beginning, they became figures adored by the local literati at first, and then gained national-wide fame because of the efforts of their younger countrymen. During Late-Ch'ing and early Republican period, the rising “youngsters” began to praise the youngest martyr Hsia Wan-ch’un. In the new martyrology of Hsia family, the son, but not the father, became the main character.