This research aims to analyze various kinds of maps during Ching ruling in Taiwan over 200 years. Simultaneously, it investigates the relationship between state governing and geographical knowledge. In general, mapping development in Ching's Taiwan is divided into four stages: beginning, peak, decline and transition. Its distinctive features will also be elucidated in this paper. In addition, this study will explicate the influence of Ching's ruling in Taiwan on mapping. To be sure, military affairs had been the main concerns which directly fashioned the types and contents of mapping, despite the fact that the last stage of Ching's governing shifted to an acitvely administrating policy after Butan tribe event. The above-mentioned four stages are also related to this policy change. The process of regional development which was shaped by Chinese immigration, also left indelible marks on mapping in terms of quantity, type and content. Lastly, as one of Ching's important tools of admination, mapping is closely connected with the transfer of political power. Taiwanese maps in this period were drawn for the needs of governance, military operation and administration. Consequently, mapping is deeply tied to state control.