Drawing on the ethnographic depictions of the economic lives among three Taiwanese aborigines, this essay intends to bring to light the culture of poverty of the underclass. By means of illuminating the concept of “original affluent society”, this essay articulates the economic lives of Taiwan’s aboriginal society, thereby revealing their eco-cultural system. This essay then criticizes the ways in which the social welfare policies and financial supports intensify a dismal impression of inferior abilities imprinted on the aborigines. The conceptualizations of multiculturalism and sustainability in turn insinuate a cultural image of victimization into people’s minds. The definition of and understanding toward poverty is thus never simply comprehended as an economic deprivation, but a social status as well as cultural suffering inextricably supplemented by a predominant capitalist society. The essay asserts that with a low aspiration of living, the marginalized people adopt the mechanism of culture of poverty as a means to reduce frustration, and gain the confidence of identity and strength of survival.