By asking "Why do Chinese write history?" this paper addresses Sima Qian's idea of "writing for discontentment" and tries to explain how the Chinese cultural spirit urges people to take the initiative and fulfill their idea of writing narrative literature. First the paper explores in depth "Taishi Gung Preface" and "Bao Ren Shaoqing Shu," analyzing how Sima Qian's idea of writing is consciously incorporated into the two writings, and discusses how he comes to "writing for discontentment" the first and the second time. The paper then compares and contrasts Sima Qian's two instances of "writing for discontentment," and discusses how he is conscious of narrating history and the meaning of it. Finally the paper looks at how later narrative literature accepted and interpreted Sima Qian's idea of "writing for discontentment"