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題名：總統選舉、國家認同與侍從主義的消失？--2000年後雲林縣的個案研究
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：張佑宗 引用關係／盧信宏
作者(外文)：Chang, Yu-tzung／Lu, Hsin-hung
出版日期：2014
卷期：61
頁次：頁1-40
主題關鍵詞：侍從主義；總統選舉；國家認同；民主轉型；雲林縣；Clientelism；Presidential elections；National identity；Democratic transition；Yunlin County
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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臺灣在民主轉型後，侍從主義是否會消失？本文主張侍從主義在臺灣社會不會消失而是在調適。很多研究發現過去以「縣」為單位的「派系政治」，已逐步轉型以立委選區或是鄉鎮長、縣市議員為單位的派系政治，但沒有提出一套解釋的理論。本文從兩個方面來解釋這個變遷過程:首先，臺灣的總統選舉，有效產生全國化的政治，亦即以國、民兩黨為主的全國性競爭體系。但是，國家認同分歧是總統選舉結果最大的解釋因素，國家認同不像盛行在歐美或拉丁美洲國家左、右兩派意識型態的分歧，無法具體落實到公共政策。因此，總統候選人在當選後，仍需以特定的資源分配模式，也就是用利益交換結合各種地方力量。侍從主義在臺灣杜會並不會消失，只是比以前更「零碎化」、「個人化」與「山頭化」而已，政策綱領式的政黨體系短期內在臺灣仍無法形成。本文以雲林縣的個案作為基礎，透過數十位地方政治菁英的深度訪談、投開票資料分析與政治酬庸等方法，論證本文的看法。
What has happened to the clientelism closely associated with the authoritarian regime following Taiwan's democratization? This paper argues that while clientelism in Taiwan will not disappear, it is facing transformative pressures. The clientelism of the authoritarian era focused around factional politics at the county level has gradually evolved into factional politics centered on legislative districts and city or county councilors. While a nationalization of party systems has already emerged, clientelist forms of politics continue to influence Taiwan's democracy. This paper explains this process of change on two dimensions. First, presidential elections have led to the emergence of a competitive nationalization of party systems centered on two major parties-the Kuomintang (KMT) and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). However, the paper also points out that aside from presidential elections, the transformation of clientelism in Taiwan is affected by the island's political cleavages. The national identity cleavage in Taiwan is unlike the left-right ideological cleavages found in both the West and Latin America and cannot be reflected in concrete public policy. Therefore, the winning candidate for the presidency, thinking rationally, will use resource allocation and interest exchange to effectively link up with local political forces and increase his own or his party's re-election chances. Therefore, clientelism in Taiwan will not disappear. However, it will be more fragmentary and individualized that in the past. A party system centered on policy manifestos has not developed in Taiwan. This paper is based on the cases of Yunlin County, and uses in-depth interviews with local elites to describe, analyze, and demonstrate this process of clientelist transformation.
期刊論文
1.Aleman, Eduardo、Kellam, Marisa(2008)。The Nationalization of Electoral Change in the Americas。Electoral Studies，27(2)，193-212。  new window
2.Hagopian, Frances、Gervasoni, C.、Moraes, J. A.(2009)。From Patronage to Program: The Emergence of Party-Oriented Legislators in Brazil。Comparative Political Studies，42(3)，360-381。  new window
3.Allen, Hicken、Stoll, Heather(2011)。Presidents and Parties: How Presidential Elections Shape Coordination in Legislative Elections。Comparative Political Studies，44(7)，854-883。  new window
4.Keefer, Philip(2007)。Clientelism, Credibility, and the Policy Choices of Young Democracies。American Journal of Political Science，51(4)，804-821。  new window
5.Kitschelt, Herbert、Kselman, Daniel M.(2013)。Economic Development, Democratic Experience, and Political Parties' Linkage Strategies。Comparative Political Studies，46(11)，1453-1484。  new window
6.Jones, Mark P.、Mainwaring, Scott(2003)。The Nationalization of Parties and Party Systems: An Empirical Measure and an Application to the Americas。Party Politics，9，139-166。  new window
7.Weitz-Shapiro, Rebecca(2012)。What Wins Votes: Why some Politicians Opt out of Clientelism。American Journal of Political Science，56(3)，568-583。  new window
8.Lin, Jih-wen(2006)。The Politics of Reform in Japan and Taiwan。Journal of Democracy，17(2)，118-131。  new window
9.Yang, David D.(2007)。Classing Ethnicity: Class, Ethnicity, and the Mass Politics of Taiwan's Democratic Transition。World Politics，59(4)，503-538。  new window
10.Kitschelt, Herbert(2000)。Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities。Comparative Political Studies，33(6/7)，845-879。  new window
11.王甫昌(20080600)。族群政治議題在臺灣民主化轉型中的角色。臺灣民主季刊，5(2)，89-140。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Golder, Matt(2006)。Presidential Coattails and Legislative Fragmentation。American Journal of Political Science，50(1)，34-48。  new window
13.王業立、蔡春木(20040900)。從對立到共治：臺中縣地方派系之轉變。政治科學論叢，21，189-216。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.王金壽(20040600)。瓦解中的地方派系：以屏東為例。臺灣社會學，7，177-207。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.王金壽(20071100)。政治市場開放與地方派系的瓦解。選舉研究，14(2)，25-51。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.高永光(20000500)。「城鄉差距」與「地方派系影響力」之研究--1998年臺北縣縣議員與鄉鎮市長選舉的個案分析。選舉研究，7(1)，53-85。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.陳陸輝(20001100)。臺灣選民政黨認同的持續與變遷。選舉研究，7(2)，109-141。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.鄭夙芬(20091100)。族群、認同與總統選舉投票抉擇。選舉研究，16(2)，23-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.盛杏湲(20081200)。政黨的國會領導與凝聚力--2000年政黨輪替前後的觀察。臺灣民主季刊，5(4)，1-46。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.盛杏湲(20001100)。政黨或選區﹖立法委員的代表取向與行為。選舉研究，7(2)，37-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.蔡佳泓、徐永明、黃琇庭(20070500)。兩極化政治：解釋臺灣2004總統大選。選舉研究，14(1)，1-31。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.黃德福(19941100)。政黨競爭與政治民主化：臺灣地區政黨體系的新挑戰。選舉研究，1(2)，199-220。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.吳乃德(20021200)。認同衝突和政治信任：現階段臺灣族群政治的核心難題。臺灣社會學，4，75-118。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.Cox, G. W.(1999)。Electoral Rules and Electoral Coordination。Annual Review of Political Science，2(1)，145-161。  new window
25.Hicken, Allen(2011)。Clientelism。Annual Review of Political Science，14，289-310。  new window
會議論文
1.陳明通(2012)。五都選舉與民進黨轉型--一項社會分歧動員的觀察。2010臺灣政治學年會暨『重新思考國家：五都之後，百年前夕！』學術研討會，(會議日期: 2012/12/04-12/05)。台北：東吳大學。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.王俊秀(2004)。Democratization and the Breakdown of Clientelism in Taiwan, 1987-2001(博士論文)。University of North Carolina。  new window
2.王良新(2005)。雲林縣地方派系之變遷(碩士論文)。國立中正大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.蘇俊豪(2004)。雲林縣地方派系變遷及其與選舉關係之研究(碩士論文)。銘傳大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.吳乃德(1987)。The Politics of a Regime Patronage System: Mobilization and Control Within an Authoritarian Regime(博士論文)。University of Chicago。  new window
圖書
1.Bouissou, Jean-Marie(1999)。Organizing One’s Support Base under the SNTV: The Case of Japanese Koenkai。Elections in Japan, Korea and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote。Ann Arbor, MI：The University of Michigan Press。  new window
2.Hagopian, Frances(1996)。Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Rosenbluth, Frances McCall、Thies, Michael F.(2010)。Japan Transformed: Political Change and Economic Restructuring。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
4.Caramani, Daniele(2004)。The Nationalization of Politics: The Formation of National Electorates and Party Systems in Western Europe。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Kitschelt, Herbert、Hawkins, Kirk A.、Luna, Juan Pablo、Rosas, Guillermo、Zechmeister, Elizabeth J.(2010)。Latin American party systems。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Stokes, Susan、Dunning, Thand、Nazareno, Marcelo、Brusco, Valeria(2013)。Clientelism: the Puzzle of Distributive Politics。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.若林正丈、許佩賢、洪金珠、吳密察(2009)。臺灣：分裂國家與民主化。臺北：新自然主義公司。  延伸查詢new window
8.Rigger, Shelley(2001)。From Opposition to Power: Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party。Boulder, Colorado：Lynne Rienner Publishers。  new window
9.黃德福(19920000)。民主進步黨與臺灣地區政治民主化。臺北：時英出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Horowitz, Donald L.(1985)。Ethnic Groups in Conflict。Berkeley, California。  new window
11.田弘茂、李晴暉、丁連財(1989)。大轉型 : 中華民國的政治和社會變遷。臺北市：時報文化出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
12.趙永茂(2002)。台灣地方政治的變遷與特質。臺北：翰蘆。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.陳明通(1995)。派系政治與臺灣政治變遷。月旦出版社股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
14.王振寰(1996)。誰統治台灣？轉型中的國家機器與權力結構。巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.行政院主計總處(2014)。台灣地區家庭收支調查，南投：行政院主計總處地方統計推展中心家庭收支科。，http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/quick.asp， 2014/05/12。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.劉義周、陳陸輝、黃紀(2013)。2012年總統與立法委員選舉：選舉過程的回顧。2012年總統與立法委員選舉：變遷與延續。台北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
2.Chandra, Kanchan(2007)。Counting Heads: A Theory of Voter and Elite Behaviour in Patronage-Democracies。Patrons, Clients and Policies。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Grofman, Bernard Norman、Lee, Sung-Chull、Winckler, Edwin A.、Woodall, Brian(1999)。Introduction。Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of an Embedded Institution。Ann Arbor：The University of Michigan Press。  new window
4.Lande, Carl H.(1977)。Introduction: The Dynamic Basis of Clientelism。Friends, followers, and Factions: A Reader in Political Clientelism。Berkeley：University of California Press。  new window
5.Piattoni, Simona(2001)。Clientelism in Historical and Comparative Perspective。Interests, and Democratic Representation: The European Experience in Historical and Comparative Perspective。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Kitschelt, Herbert、Wilkinson, Steven(2007)。Citizen-politician linkages: an introduction。Patron, clients, and policies: Patterns of democratic accountability and political competition。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.盛杏湲、鄭夙芬(20090000)。台灣民眾的藍綠認同與紅衫軍運動的參與 : 一個框架結盟的解釋。公民與政治行動 : 實證與規範之間的對話。臺北：中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.朱雲漢(1992)。寡佔經濟與威權政治體制。解剖臺灣經濟--威權體制下的壟斷與剝削。臺北：前衛出版社。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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