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題名:性別ˋ族裔與民間信仰:第三世界女作家作品中民間傳說的策略運用
作者:林慧雅 引用關係
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:比較文學研究所
指導教授:簡瑛瑛
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:性別族裔民間信仰第三世界女作家女性主義台灣女作家非裔美籍女作家GenderEthnicityFolk ReligionThird World Women WritersFeminismTaiwanese Women WritersAfro-American Women writers
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  本論文主要的關切重點是在台灣女作家李昂(1952--)和非裔美籍女作家莫莉森(Toni Morrison, 1931--)的小說中,民間傳說如何被策略性地運用:這兩位作者或將民間傳說作為父權主流意識型態的幫凶,對它加以撻伐控訴,進而扭曲詮釋、重新定義;或者利用民間傳說作為一種來自傳統文化的力量,為族群和女性重新尋取記憶以介入歷史、爭奪發言權、進而建構女性角度出發之歷史的工具。這兩位第三世界女作家的作品中呈現出民間傳說可載舟(為主流意識型態服務)可覆舟(與主流意識型態對抗甚至加以顛覆)的特性,至於它究竟是屬於主流意識型態的一部份,或是可以為女性主義者挪用而呈現為對抗主流的論述,則端看個別作家如何策略運用。
  筆者回顧了第三世界/後殖民女性主義理論的特色,並討論其他各派女性主義思想與本文關注焦點之間的關係,探究女性深受壓迫的基本原因,同時也介紹了台灣民間信仰背景和非裔美籍黑人的民間信仰與口述傳統。由於筆者以民間信仰與主流意識型態的互動為重要關注點,所以在探討兩位女作家的作品中對於民間信仰的運用時,筆者認為李昂除了呈現外在壓迫,也深入探究思考模式的箝制,試圖找出民間信仰與傳說和主流意識型態如何掛勾?而女性又應該如何跳脫陷阱,產生自覺、甚至加以轉化、挪用,在討論性別問題時也兼及台灣社會中的省籍族裔問題。基本上李昂將民間信仰視為父權意識型態的共謀,但是女性和其他弱勢者可以從父權邏輯中找到縫隙,予以顛覆和重新詮釋。而莫莉森則利用自己族群有別於白人的民間傳說及信仰傳統,和主流歷史對抗,從邊緣發聲,為自己族群和女性經驗寫歷史。她期待以黑人傳統的民間信仰,對抗白人霸權的力量,同時也探討黑人社群中的價值觀和性別問題。這兩位作者對民間傳說與信仰的運用方式及目的雖有不同,但同樣顯示了對抗主流意識型態的控制,以及為自己族群和女性發言的權力之爭奪,是目前弱勢團體急於面對的課題。
  本文除了針對各個文本加以分析並提出相關議題的討論外,筆者對女性作家對民間信仰的運用有正面期許,也期待本文可以拋磚引玉,吸引更多人注意民間信仰與傳說對女性建立自主性的重要影響。希望透過女作家對民間信仰這種強制性思考模式的改變詮釋,讓女性思想得到解放,配合其他經濟社會的改革,能使女性和其他弱勢族群在面對主流歷史或論述箝制時,有翻轉、重新詮釋的可能。
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