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題名:高雄港市關聯性動態分析之研究
作者:林廖嘉宏
作者(外文):Lin-Liao, Chia-Hong
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:吳連賞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:高雄港市政治相對集中指數結構化理論系統動態學Kaohsiung Port-CityPoliticsRelative Concentration IndexStructuration TheorySystem Dynamics
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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摘 要
高雄市被稱為台灣的經濟發展核心,有大部分原因來自高雄港對民生工業、能源供應和貿易轉運的貢獻。但是,由於全球貨櫃化趨勢及二港口開通所導致貨運量移轉,高雄舊港區逐漸閒置,並加深高雄港市存在已久,經濟成長外溢的政府管轄權問題,藉由委託開發行政契約模式,突破商港法的限制,終促成高雄舊港區管理制度的解構及水岸開發。由於高雄港市經歷過經濟、制度、社會及城市治理等轉變過程,本研究嘗試利用相對集中指數、結構化理論及系統動態學的理論與方法,研究各階段高雄港市的動態發展過程及關聯性變化,以提供公部門因應社會變化,及研提發展策略之參考。
首先,本研究利用相對集中指數,分析高雄港市系統特徵與外部環境。其次,利用結構化理論的策略行為和制度分析方法論,分析紅毛港舊部落及新草衙舊部落土地財產權對於港市治理的重要性。第三,以系統動態學分析高雄港市人口、貨櫃量、交通..等量化資料,模擬2014年高雄港周邊行政區的選票趨勢,論證高雄港市選舉空間與建設關聯性。
本研究發現,高雄港市具有類似新加坡港大城小的空間結構,及歐美轉運港的特質,高雄市顯著依賴高雄港建設,以港口關聯產業為主,且產業發展集中港區,部分藉由聯外道路或造陸擴充腹地。惟高雄港經濟成長外溢所造成周邊的社會衝擊,亦應積極務實面對,將港口部份「利得」投入城市改善,因此,本研究提出港市政府部門成立開發公司,由港務公司負責落實土地使用權(如由港務公司以租賃方式或讓占用戶就地管理公有土地);由地方政府負責執行所有權(如利用徵收或拆遷補助方式取得土地所有權)的模式。
其次,從施政建設角度所模擬出的港市政治關聯性發現,港區建設促進土地有效利用,卻會同時造成高房價衝擊選票的問題;港口興建貨櫃中心同時需配套道路建設,方可獲得民眾選票認同;整體而言,高雄港周邊行政區建設成型,對執政黨施政績效有正面效果。
最後,經由理論整合實務經驗,分析出高雄港管理制度、組織的改變及現階段周邊舊部落社會制度的形成,係藉由政黨權力協調所促成,例如:港市風貌改變(如高雄港舊港區釋出)或維持現狀(避免新草衙舊部落採取強拆的民粹思維);高雄港市微型產業已逐漸發展起來,從資訊傳遞的快速性來看,當民眾訴求不被滿足,公民團體有機會快速集結,督導政府的行政作為,高雄港市的權力結構變革將會持續發生。
綜上,資源豐沛的高雄港市介面(或邊界),長期存在著管理整合的問題,包括經濟、社會、政治及權力等層面;但是,這些問題卻也代表著港市存在可能改善、獲取政治資源的空間;每一個策略上的改變,也都可能同時給予高雄港市產業、經濟及社會再翻轉的機會。
Abstract
Kaohsing city known as the development core of Taiwan economy is mostly because that Kaohsing port makes contribution to people’s livelihood industry, energy supply and trading transshipment. However, the trend of global containerization and the open of the 2nd Kaohsiung Port cause transference of freight volume and gradually idle Kaohsiung old port area to highlight government’s jurisdiction over long-standing problem of economic growth overflows in Kaohsiung port city. Breakthrough restriction of Commercial Port Act by means of administrative contract mode commissioned to develop to finally facilitate deconstruction of management system in Kaohsiung old port area and water front development. Considering the transformation process of economy, system, society and urban governance, etc. in Kaohsiung port city, this study tries to use theory and method of relative concentration index, structuralization and system dynamics to research dynamic development process and correlation change in Kaohsiung port city and provide public sector’s reference for responding social change and development strategy.
First, the study uses relative concentration index to analyze system characteristics and external environment in Kaohsiung port city. Second, strategic behavior of structuralization theory and system analysis methodology is used to analyze the significance of land property right for old village in Hung Mau Kong and Hsintsaoya to port city governance. Third, adopt system dynamics to analyze quantitative data such as population, container quantity and transportation, etc., which is to simulate votes trend in administrative districts around Kaohsiung port city in 2014 and demonstrate relationship between the election space and construction in Kaohsiung port city.
The study found that Kaohsiung port city has space structure of big harbor and small city same as Singapore and characteristics of European and American port of transshipment, indicating Kaohsiung city obviously relays on Kaohsiung port’s construction. Industrial development mainly based on port related industry concentrates on harbor district, and partially expands the hinterland through transfer system or sea reclamation. Nevertheless, economic growth overflows causing social impact on the area around Kaohsiung harbor should be actively faced to invest in city improvement with “gains” from the harbor. Therefore, the study proposes the port city government department to establish a development company that the port corporation can put land use right into practice (e.g. the corp. can lease public land or allow occupied user to on-site manage public land); and, local government can be in charge of implementation of the mode of land ownership (e.g. acquire use land right with levy or subsidy for demolition).
Next, political correlation simulated from the position of administrative construction shows harbor district construction can promote effective utilization of land but may lead high housing price to impact votes; container terminal built in the harbor should be supported by road construction to win people’s identification with votes; on the whole, molding construction in administrative districts around Kaohsiung port has positive effect on ruling party’s administrative performance.
As a result, management system, organization change and formation of the old tribal society system in Kaohsiung port is analyzed that are contributable to coordination of political parties’ power through practical experience of theory integration, for example, change port city style (e.g. release of Kaohsiung old port area) or maintain the present status (adopt populist thinking to avoid Hsintsaoya old village); Kaohsiung port city’s miniature industry has been gradually developed. When rapidity of information transmission cannot satisfied with the common people’s appeals, citizen group has chance to quickly get together and supervise government’s administration that power structure reform in Kaohsiung port city will continue to happen.
In general, management integration is a long standing issue in Kaohsiung port city interface (or border) with abundant resources, including aspect of economy, society, politics and power, etc.; whereas, these issues also mean the port city may have spaces for improvement and acquire political resource; any change in each strategy also may give opportunity to turn over industry, economy and society in Kaohsiung port city.
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