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| 2. | Carlyle, Thomas(1995)。The Hero as King。Leader's Companion。NY：The Free Press。 |
| 3. | Burns, James MacGregor(1995)。The Crisis of Leadership。The Leader's Companion。NY：The Free Press。 |
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| 5. | Fielder, F. E.(1964)。A contingency model of leadership effectiveness。Advances in experimental social psychology。New York, NY：Academic Press。 |