本研究以台南市居民為對象，利用問卷調查探討住宅實質配置型式對社區意識與鄰里關係的影響。研究中，「社區意識」經因素分析後分為三構面：社會連繫、鄰里親和，及場所認同。社會連繫較高者，為二代同住、國中教育程度、已婚及房屋為自有者；鄰里親和較高者為年齡50-59歲、二代同住、國（初）中教育程度及已婚者；場所認同較高者，為房屋自有，及居住時間長者。已婚、自有房屋，及居住時間長者，鄰里關係較佳。研究發現心理認知與行為互動呈正相關，所以社區意識與鄰里關係相互影響。人車分道、共道兩種連棟住宅社區之配置型式，本研究中並未發現對鄰里關係及社區意識顯著影響；居民以其鄰里及社區為榮，但與新鄰居的互動及社區共同事務的參與則較被動。居住時間愈久，居民對社區的歸屬感愈強、鄰里關係愈佳，然居住15年以上居民已形成固定生活型態或因習慣使然，對鄰里間連繫及環境認同反而出現降低的現象。

By surveying the residents of Tainan, this study examines how elements in physical design affect the sense of community and neighborhood relationships. There are three concepts derived from the ―sense of community‖: ―social connection‖, ―attachment to the neighborhood‖, and ―local acknowledgement‖. Psychological cognition and behaviors are positively associated; thus the sense of community and neighborhood relationships are closely interrelated. The two housing patterns of town houses, whether pedestrians and vehicles share the same routes, have no significant effects on neighborhood relationships or on the sense of community. This study reveals that residents are generally proud of their neighborhood/community, but interaction with new neighbors and participation in social activities remain passive. In general, longer tenure leads to a higher local acknowledgement and better neighborhood relationships. The results of this study also reveal that stable residents in the community and long-term habituation lead to fewer neighborhood contacts and lower local acknowledgement among those whose tenure are more than 15 years.