World Indigenous Peoples’ Conference on Education in 1999 adopted The Coolangatta Statement on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Education, in which six international human right instruments including Universal Declaration of Human Rights were reviewed. Because what were protected with those instruments are individuals’ rights rather than collective rights, they have limited capacity for protecting Indigenous Peoples’ rights to education. Although the rights to education of individuals belonging to the minority groups were well constructed with those instruments, Indigenous Peoples argued that they are not only minority groups but also “peoples” who deserve the right of self-determination. Indigenous peoples throughout the world have mobilized international movement since 1970s’ to urge the UN to adopt international laws to recognize their collective rights to self-determination.In 1989, The Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples was revised by International Labour Organization to eliminate the previous integrationist perspective, but Indigenous Peoples’ right of self-determination hadn’t been recognized.After two decades of endeavours, the UN Assembly adopted UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007, in which the right of self-determination was recognized which is the prerequisite for the Indigenous Peoples’ right to education, including the rights to be free of discrimination in national education system, to learn indigenous language and culture in curriculum, and to establish their own indigenous education system. However, not until the declaration further be transformed into convention with mechanism to monitor the state parties to fulfil it, will the Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination be firmly established.