臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：不平等的災難：921地震下的受災風險與社會階層化
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：張宜君／林宗弘 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chang, Yi-chun／Lin, Thung-hong
出版日期：2012
卷期：24:2
頁次：頁193-231
主題關鍵詞：社會脆弱性；災難；階級；族群；社會階層化；處方迴歸；Social vulnerability；Disaster；Class；Ethnicity；Social stratification；Treatment regression
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(21) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:21
  • 共同引用共同引用:129
  • 點閱點閱:103
本文以1999 年臺灣921 地震為例，討論社會不平等如何導致受災風險的差異，以及災後重建對社會不平等的影響。從社會脆弱性的觀點出發，我們認為階級、族群與城鄉差距是造成民眾受災風險差異的主要因素，並且造成了災後的社會不平等。本研究採用「臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」（Taiwan Education Panel Survey）2001 年調查之第一波國中學生及家長問卷，該調查標示了部分受災戶。我們發現地震災害的風險確實不是中立的，首先，臺灣的低技術工人與自營作業者（包括部分農民）特別容易受災、資本家與經理人則較少受災；原住民與客家族群在地震中傷亡比率也偏高；此外，城市居民的受災風險遠低於鄉村居民。其次，為了同時控制風險分布並估計災後重建的影響，我們引進了處方迴歸模型來估計在地震發生兩年之後，受災戶與非受災戶兒童的幸福感以及心理憂鬱程度、家戶所得、家庭遭受經濟危機的機率的差異。結果發現，雖然受災戶家庭及學童在上述四個方面都比非受災戶更糟，但是將受災風險隨機化之後，災後重建的過程並沒有導致上述指標的惡化。換句話說，災區內的社會不平等不是來自災後重建過程，而是來自受災風險的不平等，易於受災使得弱勢者更弱勢。這個結論建議，災後重建不應只給予受災戶補償，而應改善災區的社會不平等。
Taking the aftermath of Chi-chi earthquake in 1999 as an example, the article investigates the social stratification of disaster hazard and its consequences on social inequality. Following the literature on “social vulnerability,” we argue that class, ethnicity and uneven rural-urban development shaped the unequal distribution of disaster hazards, which led to social inequality in the affected area. We use the first wave of the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS), a national dataset of high school students collected in 2001, and identified the affected households in the statistics. It is found that the hazard is not neutral but is robustly associated with class, ethnicity and the rural areas. The households from the working class, peasants and self-employed origins were more likely to be affected, while those from the capitalist and manager origins suffered less from the earthquake. Minorities from aboriginal and Hakka were more likely to suffer, while urban residents were less likely to be affected the disaster. To estimate the redistributive effects in the process of reconstruction, we introduce the treatment regression model for the control of the risk inequality. Modeling the household income, economic crisis, self-reported happiness and depression, we find that the victims were worse off two years after the earthquake. However, once the treatment model randomized the hazards, the differences between the affected families and the non-affected families disappeared. The outcomes suggest that the deterioration of social inequality mostly results from the unequal distribution of hazard rather than the redistribution in the reconstruction. The conclusion also implies that for reducing the unequal hazard, the reconstruction strategy for the affected area should focus not only on the compensation of the victims, but also on the reforms of primarily social inequalities.
期刊論文
1.Tierney, Kathleen J.(2007)。From the Margins to the Mainstream? Disaster Research at the Crossroads。Disaster Research at the Crossroads，33，503-525。  new window
2.Stalling, Robert A.(2002)。Weberian Political Sociology and Sociological Disaster Studies。Sociological Forum，17(2)，281-305。  new window
3.Chou, Y. J,、Huang, N.、Lee, C. H.、Tsai, S. L.、Tsay, J. H.、Chen, L. S.(2003)。Suicides after the 1999 Taiwan earthquake。International Journal of Epidemiology，32(6)，1007-1014。  new window
4.Cutter, S. L.、Emrich, C. T.(2006)。Moral hazard, social catastrophe: The changing face of vulnerability along the Hurricane Coasts。Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science，604(1)，102-112。  new window
5.Quarantelli, E. L.(1988)。Disaster crisis management: A summary of research findings。Journal of Management Studies，25(4)，373-385。  new window
6.林宗弘(20091200)。臺灣的後工業化：階級結構的轉型與社會不平等，1992-2007。臺灣社會學刊，43，93-158。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Oliver-Smith, Anthony(1996)。Anthropological Research on Hazards and Disasters。Annual Review of Anthropology，25(1)，303-328。  new window
8.吳杰穎、江宜錦(200803)。臺灣天然災害統計指標體系建構與分析。地理學報，51，65-84。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Cutter, S. L.(1996)。Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards。Progress in Human Geography，20(4)，529-539。  new window
10.Cutter, Susan L.(2003)。The vulnerability of science and the science of vulnerability。Annals of the Association of American Geographers，93(1)，1-12。  new window
11.湯京平、蔡允棟、黃紀(20020600)。災難與政治--九二一地震中的集體行為與災變情境的治理。政治科學論叢，16，137-161。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.湯京平(20011200)。災難、官僚與民主--臺灣九二一震災援救行政的政治與制度分析。中國行政評論，11(1)，67-98。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Heckman, James Joseph(1979)。Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error。Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society，47(1)，153-161。  new window
14.Drabek, T. E.、Boggs, K. S.(1968)。Families in Disaster: Reactions and Relatives。Journal of Marriage and Family，30(3)，443-451。  new window
15.Adger, W. Neil(2006)。Vulnerability。Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions，16(3)，268-281。  new window
16.Brooks, Nick、Adger, W. Neil、Kelly, P. Mick(2005)。The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation。Global Environmental Change，15(2)，151-163。  new window
17.吳英璋、許文耀(2004)。災難心理反應及其影響因子之文獻探討。臨床心理學刊，12，85-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.陳亮全、吳杰顆、劉怡君、李宜樺(2007)。土石流潛勢區內居民疏散避難行爲與決策之研究——以泰利颱風爲例。中華水土保持學報，384，325-340。  延伸查詢new window
19.Chou, Y. J,、Huang, N.、Lee, C. H.、Tsai, S. L.、Chen, L. S.、Chang, H. J.(2004)。Who Is at Risk of Death in an Earthquake?。American Journal of Epidemiology，160(7)，688-695。  new window
20.Chen, S. H.、Wu, Y. C.(2006)。Changes of PTSD Symptoms and School Reconstruction: A Two-Year Prospective Study of Children and Adolescents after the Taiwan 921 Earthquake。Natural Hazards，37，225-244。  new window
21.Frangakis, C. E.、Rubin, D. B.(1999)。Addressing Complications of Intention-to-Treat Analysis in the Combined Presence of AlI-or-None Treatment-Noncompliance and Subsequent Missing Outcomes。Biometrika，86(2)，365-379。  new window
22.Nolen-Hoeksema, S.、Morrow, J.(1991)。A Prospective Study of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms after a Natural Disaster。The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake，61，115-121。  new window
23.Quarantelli, E. L.(1960)。Images of Withdrawal Behavior in Disasters: Some Basic Misconceptions。Social Problems，8(1)，68-79。  new window
24.Quarantelli, E. L.(1960)。A Note on the Protective Function of the Family in Disasters。Marriage and Family Living，22(3)，263-264。  new window
25.Rubin, D. B.(1978)。Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of Randomization。The Annals of Statistics，6(1)，34-58。  new window
26.Rubonis, A. V.、Bickman, L.(1991)。Psychological Impairment in the Wake of Disaster: The Disaster-Psychopathology Relationship。Psychological Bulletin，109(3)，384-399。  new window
27.Sen, A.(1980)。Description as Choice, Oxford Economic Papers。New Series，32(3)，353-369。  new window
28.Torry, W. I.(1979)。Hazards, Hazes and Holes: A Critique of the Environment as Hazard and General Reflections on Disaster Research。The Canadian Geographer，23(4)，368-383。  new window
29.Winship, C、Morgan, S.(1999)。The Estimation of Causal Effccts from Observational Data。Annual Review of Sociology 25，25，659-706。  new window
30.Yang, C. H,、Xirasagar, S.、Chung, H. C.、Huang, Y. T.、Lin, H. C.(2005)。Suicides Trends Following the Taiwan Earthquake of 1999: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications。Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica，112，442-448。  new window
會議論文
1.吳杰穎(2009)。非結構式减災措施運用於空間規劃與管理之研究。台南。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.林宗弘(2010)。災後重建的政治 : 以中國汶川地震爲案例的分析。2010台灣社會學年會暨國科會專題研究成果發表會，(會議日期: 2010/12/4-5)。台北：輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.葉高華(2010)。臺灣環境災害的社會脆弱性評估。2010臺灣社會學年會曁國科會專題硏究成果發表會，(會議日期: 2010年12月4-5日)。台北新莊：輔仁大學(台灣社會學會)。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.單信瑜(2005)。2005年全球環境永續指數ESI--降低天然災害傷害指數分析與建議。台北：內政部消防署。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Drabek, Thomas E.(1986)。Human System Responses to Disaster: An Inventory of Sociological Findings。New York：Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Hewitt, Kenneth(1998)。Excluded perspectives in the social construction of disaster。What is a Disaster?。London：Routledge。  new window
3.Quarantelli, E. L.(1998)。What is a disaster? Perspectives on the question。New York：Routledge。  new window
4.Jones, E. C.、Murphy, A. D.(2009)。The Political Economy of Hazards and Disasters。Lanham：AltaMira Press。  new window
5.Wright, Erik Olin(1985)。Classes。New York, NY：New Left Books。  new window
6.Fischer, Henry W. III.(1998)。Response to Disaster: Fact versus Fiction & Its Perpetuation. The Sociology of Disaster。Lanham, Maryland：University Press of America。  new window
7.Haas, J. Eugene、Kates, Robert W.、Bowden, Martyn J.(1977)。Reconstruction Following Disaster。Cambridge, MA：The MIT Press。  new window
8.林美容、丁仁傑、詹素娟(2004)。災難與重建：921震災與社會文化重建論文集。台北：中央研究院台灣史研究所籌備處。  延伸查詢new window
9.Wisner, B. P.、Blaikie, P.、Cannon, T.、Davis, I.(2004)。At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters。Routledge。  new window
10.行政院九二一震災災後重建推動委員會(2006)。九二一震災重建經驗。國史館臺灣文獻館。  延伸查詢new window
11.Jha, A. K,、Barenstein, J, D.、Phelps, P. M.、Pittel, D.、Sena, S.(2010)。afer Homes, Stronger Commifnities: A Handbook for Reconstructing after Natural Disasters。Washington DC。  new window
12.Özerdem, A.、Jacoby, T.(2006)。Disaster Management and Civil Society: Earthquake Relief in Japan, Turkey and India。London ; New York。  new window
13.Daniels, R. J,、Kettl, D. F.、Kunreuther, H.(2006)。On Risk and Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina。Philadelphia。  new window
14.Ranci, C.(2010)。Social Vulnerability in Europe: The New Configuration of Social Risks。NY。  new window
15.Salzer, M. S.、Bickman, L.(1999)。The Short-and Long-Term Psychological Impact of Disasters: Implications for Mental Health Interventions and Policy。Response to Disaster: Psychosocial, Community, and Ecological Approaches。Philadelphia。  new window
16.Dombrowsky, W. R.(1998)。Again and Again: Is a Disaster What We Call a ‘Disaster’?。What Is a Disaster?。London。  new window
17.Fritz, C. E.(1961)。Disaster。Contemporary Social Problems。NY：Harcourt。  new window
其他
1.戶政司(2010)。莫拉克颱風八八水災死亡、失蹤及重傷統計，http://www.taiwan921.lib.ntu.edu.tw/88pdf/A8801M.html， 20100519。  延伸查詢new window
2.張苙雲(2003)。台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫：第一波2001學生資料、家長資料，台北：中央研究院調查研究專題中心 [管理、釋出單位]。  延伸查詢new window
3.(2009)。莫拉克獨立新聞平台，http://www.88news.org/， 20100519。  延伸查詢new window
4.經濟部水利署(2009)。莫拉克颱風暴雨量及洪流量分析，http://www.taiwan921.lib.ntu.edu.tw/88pdf/A8801RAIN.pdf， 20100519。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Bolin, B.(2007)。Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Disaster Vulnerability。Handbook of Disaster Research。New York：Springer。  new window
2.Cutter, S. L.、Gall, M.、Emrich, C. T.(2008)。Toward a Comprehensive Loss Inventory of Weather and Climate Hazards。Climate Extremes and Society。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：1053（臺灣：1042，外國：11） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1366978 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67175114
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上