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題名：破冰之旅--虛性和諧友誼中的情緒分享及其影響
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：黃筱蘋／黃囇莉 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Hsiao-ping／Huang, Li-li
出版日期：2012
卷期：54:2
頁次：頁219-242
主題關鍵詞：友誼；自我揭露；虛性和諧；情緒分享；Friendship；Self-disclosure theory；Social sharing of emotion；Superficial harmony
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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過去關於友誼的發展多採社會滲透論觀點，認為互動雙方由淺到深的自我揭露讓友誼逐步增進。黃囇莉（2006）揭示了華人人際間的虛性和諧，虛性和諧中的朋友行禮如儀、互稱朋友，溝通與互動停留在表面層次，若以自我揭露理論來看，虛性和諧的友誼凍結在虛性狀態中。本文進行三個研究，探討Rimé、Mesquita、Philippot 及Boca（1991）提出的「情緒的社會分享」是否可能使虛性友誼破冰成為實性和諧，且作為和諧化的方式。 前導研究探討華人文化下情緒分享的基本現象，研究採問卷施測，以383位大學生為對象。結果顯示情緒分享不論在實／虛性友誼中都會發生，且各種情緒都會分享，也會影響分享後之關係變化。研究二針對分享頻率較低的虛性和諧之情緒分享進行質化研究。結果發現，偶發性的情緒分享能突破虛性友誼，且「印象改變」、「感同身受」及「共享秘密感」是重要的破冰中介因子。研究三，在問卷中進行實驗操弄，以四種情緒如悲傷、快樂、內疚、喜歡之分享為獨變項，檢驗不同情緒之分享與分享前之實／虛性關係對分享後關係變化的影響，以及三因子之中介效果。研究結果再次確認情緒分享能使關係變好，且這樣的效果受到先前關係實/虛性和諧的調節。另外，也確認在虛性和諧中，負向情緒對分享後關係變化的影響是以「共享秘密感」為中介因子，而正向情緒則否。本文最後討論，在解釋友誼間從虛性和諧轉為實性和諧的破冰現象上，情緒的社會分享理論比自我揭露論有較大的優勢。
Previous research on friendship mainly subscribed to the “Social Penetration Theory” and considered that the interacting friends progressively disclosed themselves through daily interaction and developed intimacy gradually. Huang’s theory (2006) suggests researchers should pay more attention to the superficial harmonious side of friendship. Friends who have superficial harmony may conceal their disagreements and not really like each other, even when they claim the other as “a friend.” They also won’t be willing to become close to each other. According to the self-disclosure theory, the superficial friendship seems to remain frozen in this state forever. But is it really true? This article including three studies tried to examine whether the automatic process of “social sharing of emotion (Rimé, Mesquita, Philippot, & Boca, 1991)” may result in a change or a breakthrough in superficial harmony friendships and move toward genuine harmony. In Study 1, questionnaires were filled out by 383 Taiwanese college students. The results showed that the emotion sharing did happen in both superficial and genuine harmony friendships in Chinese society and different types of harmony displayed the same sharing patterns. All kinds of emotions were shared and affected the friendship quality after sharing. Study 2 focused on the emotion sharing types in superficial harmony friendships that were less frequent in Study 1 and used in-depth interviews as a method for qualitative study. The outcome proposed that emotion sharing in superficial friendships could break up the superficial relationship itself; and “change in impression,” “the same feeling” and “feeling of secret sharing” could be the main influencing factors. In order to further examine the findings in the previous two studies, quasi-experimental methods were used in Study 3. The experimental stories included four manipulated emotions: sadness, happiness, guilt, affection, and one control condition of non-emotion sharing. The results indicated that friendship quality was affected by emotion sharing and the change was moderated by previous harmony type. Furthermore, in superficial friendships, the effect of negative emotion sharing on the friendship quality was mediated by “feeling of secret sharing,” but positive emotion sharing was not the same. In conclusion, we discuss why the emotion sharing theory is better than the self-disclosure theory for the interpretation of a breakthrough in superficial harmony friendship moving into genuine harmony friendship.
期刊論文
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4.MacKinnon, D. P.、Lockwood, C. M.、Hoffman, J. M.、West, S. G.、Sheets, V.(2002)。A Comparison of Methods to Test Mediation and Other Intervening Variables Effects。Psychological Methods，7(1)，83-104。  new window
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8.許詩淇、黃囇莉(20090900)。天下無不是的父母？--華人父母角色義務對親子衝突與親子關係的影響。中華心理學刊，51(3)，295-317。new window  延伸查詢new window
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會議論文
1.Ekman, Paul(1972)。Universals and Cultural Differences in Facial Expressions of Emotion。Nebraska Symposium on Motivation。Lincoln, NE：University of Nebraska Press。207-286。  new window
圖書
1.Altman, Irwin、Taylor, Dalmas A.(1973)。Social Penetration: The Development of Interpersonal Relationships。Holt, Rinehart & Winston。  new window
2.Hatfield, Elaine、Cacioppo, John T.、Rapson, R. L.(1994)。Emotional contagion。New York, NY：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.黃囇莉(2006)。人際和諧與衝突：本土化的理論與研究。揚智文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.陳向明(20020000)。社會科學質的研究。臺北：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.王世億(Wang, S. Y.)(2007)。友情內涵之建構及與同理心相關之研究(On the construction of friendship intension and its relationship with empathy)。  延伸查詢new window
2.孫俊才(Sun, J. C.)、盧家楣(Lu, J. M.)(2009)。大學生情緒社會分享的公眾觀(A survey of the public view of college students social sharing of emotion)。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃筱蘋(Huang, H. P.)(2010)。破冰之旅--虛性和諧友誼中的情緒分享(A Journey to icebreaking: Emotion sharing in superficial friendship)。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃囇莉(Huang, L. L.)、許詩淇(Hsu, S. C.)(2006)。虛虛實實之間：婆媳關係的和諧化歷程與轉化機制(From superficiality to genuineness: Harmonization processes and transformation mechanisms between mothers and daughters-in-law)。  延伸查詢new window
5.楊宜憓(Yang, Y. H.)(1999)。台灣大學生的情緖經驗與社會關係(The emotional experiences and social relations of college students in Taiwan)。  延伸查詢new window
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18.Dolgin, K. G., Meyer, L., & Schwartz, J.(1991)。Effects of gender, target's gender, topic, and self-esteem on disclosure to best and midling friends。  new window
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20.Finkenauer, C., & Rimé, B.(1998)。Keeping emotional memories secret: Health and subjective well-being when emotions are not shared。  new window
21.Graham, S. M., Huang, J. Y., Clark, M. S., & Helgeson, V. S.(2008)。The positives of negative emotions: Willingness to express negative emotions promotes relationships。  new window
22.Hays, R. B.(1989)。The day-to-day functioning of close versus casual friendships。  new window
23.Huang, L.-L., Jone, K. Y., & Peng, T. K.(2007)。Conflict resolution patterns and relational context: An exploratory study combining etic and emic theories in Taiwan。  new window
24.Johnson, A. J., Wittenberg, E., Villagran, M. M., Mazur, M., & Villagran, P.(2003)。Relational progression as a dialectic: Examining turning points in communication among friends。  new window
25.Kanyangara, P., Rimé, B., Philippot, P., & Yzerbyt, V.(2007)。Collective rituals, emotional climate and intergroup perception: Participation in "Gacaca" tribunals and assimilation of the Rwandan genocide。  new window
26.Luminet, O., Bouts, P., Delie, F., Manstead, A. S. R., & Rimé, B.(2000)。Social sharing of emotion following exposure to a negatively valenced situation。  new window
27.Monsour, M.(1992)。Meaning of intimacy in cross-and same-sex friendships。  new window
28.Moore, S., & Boldero, J.(1991)。Psychological development and friendship functions in adolescence。  new window
29.Morton, T. L., & Douglas, M. A.(1981)。Growth of relationships。  new window
30.Omarzu, J.(2000)。A disclosure decision model: Determining how and when individuals will self-disclose。  new window
31.Peters-Golden, H.(1982)。Breast cancer: Varied perceptions of social support in the illness experience。  new window
32.Preacher, K. J.，Leonardelli, G. J.(2001)。Calculation for the Sobel Test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests，http://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm。  new window
33.Rimé, B.(2007)。The social sharing of emotion as an interface between individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climates。  new window
34.Rimé, B., Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Zech, E., & Philippot, P.(1998)。Social sharing of emotion: New evidence and new questions [Special issue]。  new window
35.Rimé, B., Mesquita, B., Philippot, P., & Boca, S.(1991)。Beyond the emotional event: Six studies on the social sharing of emotion。  new window
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