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題名：半總統制的總統任命權與免除權對於總理任期的影響
書刊名：東吳政治學報
作者：李宜芳／石鵬翔 引用關係
作者(外文)：Li, Yi-fang／Shih, Peng-hsiang
出版日期：2014
卷期：32:4
頁次：頁1-55
主題關鍵詞：半總統制；總理任期；總統權力；總統任命權；總統免除權；Semi-presidentialism；Duration of prime minister；Presidential power；Presidential appoint power；Presidential dismiss power
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相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:127
  • 點閱點閱:61
本文以34個半總統制的民主國家做為分析案例，時間範圍涵蓋1945至2012年，使用事件史分析，來探討總統單邊任命權和免除權，對於總理任期產生的影響。研究發現，單邊任命權對於總理任期的影響方向，取決於總統是否擁有免除權，亦即單邊任命權和免除權，對於總理任期有交互作用的影響。在總理總統制下，總統的單邊任命權會增加總理下台的風險；反之，在總統國會制下，單邊任命權可以降低總理下台的風險。造成單邊任命權和免除權出現交互作用的原因，可能是總統可以利用單邊任命權，選擇自己偏好的人選，進一步造成總理和國會之間互動方式的改變，進而影響總理任期的長短。這個研究發現，除了可以解釋總統單邊任命權的影響外，還可以解釋先前學界對於總統任命和免除總理職務的爭論。
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of presidential appointment power and presidential dismissal power which affects the duration of the term of the prime minister under semi-presidentialism. We use event-history analysis to estimate the different factors that impact the prime minister’s duration. The range of time used is from 1945 to 2012 and includes 34 democratic semi-presidentialism countries. We find that the effect of presidential appointment power depends on dismissal power, that is, appointment and dismissal power have an interactive effect with the duration of the prime minister. In premier-presidential systems, if the prime minister was ultimately appointed by president, the hazard of a prime minister termination will increase; and it will decrease when the president can appoint the prime minister in a president -parliamentary system. Because a president can choose anyone he or she wants to be prime minister by appointment power, further, the relationship of president, prime minister and parliament will be changed. This discovery can explain the effect and controversy of presidential appointment and dismissal power.
期刊論文
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2.Schleiter, Petra、Morgan-Jones, Edward(2010)。Who's in Charge? Presidents, Assemblies, and the Political Control of Semi-presidential Cabinets。Comparative Political Studies，43(11)，1415-1441。  new window
3.Alt, James、King, Gary(1994)。Transfers of Governmental Power: The Meaning of Time Dependence。Comparative Political Studies，27(2)，190-210。  new window
4.Diermeier, Daniel、Stevenson, Randy(1999)。Cabinet Survival and Competing Risks。American Journal of Political Science，43(4)，1051-1068。  new window
5.Drukman, James、Roberts, Andrew(2008)。Measuring Portfolio Salience in Eastern European Parliamentary Democracies。European Journal of Political Research，47，101-134。  new window
6.Drukman, James、Warwick, Paul(2005)。The Missing Piece: Measuring Portfolio Salience in Western European Parliamentary Democracies。European Journal of Political Research，44，17-42。  new window
7.King, Gary、Alt, James E.、Burns, Nancy、Laver, Michaelo(1990)。A Unified Model of Cabinet Dissolution in Parliamentary Democracies。American Journal of Political Science，34(3)，846-871。  new window
8.Rohlfing, Ingo(2008)。What You See and What You Get: Pitfalls and Principles of Nested Analysis in Comparative Research。Comparative Political Studies，41(11)，1492-1514。  new window
9.Schleiter, Petra、Morgan-Jones, Edward Edward(2009)。Constitutional Power and Competing Risks: Monarchs, Presidents, Prime Ministers, and the Termination of East and West European Cabinets。American Political Science Review，103(3)，496-512。  new window
10.Sedelius, Thomas、Mashtaler, Olga(2013)。Two Decades of Semi-presidentialism: Issues of Intra-executive Conflict in Central and Eastern Europe 1991-2011。East European Politics，29(2)，109-134。  new window
11.Strom, Kaare(1984)。Party Goals and Government Performance in Parliamentary Democracies。American Political Science Review，79(3)，738-754。  new window
12.Warwick, Paul、Easton, Stephen(1992)。The Cabinet Stability Controversy: New Perspectives on a Classic Problem。American Journal of Political Science，36(1)，122-146。  new window
13.Elgie, Robert(2005)。A Fresh Look at Semipresidentialism: Variations on a Theme。Journal of Democracy，16(3)，98-112。  new window
14.Schleiter, Petra、Morgan-Jones, Edward(2009)。Party Government in Europe? Parliamentary and Semi-presidential Democracies Compared。European Journal of Political Research，48(5)，665-693。  new window
15.Shugart, Matthew Søberg(2005)。Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns。French Politics，3(3)，323-351。  new window
16.沈有忠(20040900)。半總統制下的權力集散與政府穩定--臺灣與威瑪共和的比較。臺灣民主季刊，1(3)，99-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Roper, Steven D.(2002)。Are All Semipresidential Regimes the Same? A Comparison of Premier-Presidential Regimes。Comparative Politics，34(3)，253-272。  new window
18.張台麟(19971200)。法國「雙首長制」及第三次「左右共治」之研析。美歐季刊，12(4)=132，61-87+a7。  延伸查詢new window
19.Duverger, Maurice(1980)。A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government。European Journal of Political Research，8(2)，165-187。  new window
20.吳玉山(20020100)。半總統制下的內閣組成與政治穩定--比較俄羅斯、波蘭與中華民國。俄羅斯學報，2，229-265。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.張峻豪(20110600)。半總統制運作類型的跨國研究。問題與研究，50(2)，107-142。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.Brambor, Thomas、Clark, William Roberts、Golder, Matt(2006)。Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses。Political Analysis，14(1)，63-82。  new window
23.沈有忠(20100600)。半總統制的崩潰、延續與轉型：威瑪共和與芬蘭的憲政比較。問題與研究，49(2)，99-130。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.吳玉山(20110300)。半總統制：全球發展與研究議程。政治科學論叢，47，1-32。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.蘇子喬(20111200)。哪一種半總統制？--概念界定爭議的釐清。東吳政治學報，29(4)，1-72。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.Protsyk, Oleh(2006)。Intra-executive Competition between President and Prime Minister: Patterns of Institutional Conflict and Cooperation under Semi-presidentialsm。Political Studies，54，219-244。  new window
學位論文
1.李鳳玉(2001)。半總統制下的總統干政與政府穩定--威瑪德國、法國第五共和、後共波蘭與台灣(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Bienen, Henry、Van De Walle, Nicolas(1991)。Of Time And Power: Leadership Duration in the Modern World。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
2.Cleves, Mario、Gould, William、Gutierrez, Roberto、Marchenko, Yulia(2008)。An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata。Texas：Stata Press。  new window
3.Nohlen, Dieter、Grotz, Florian、Hartmann, Christor(2001)。Elections in Asia and the Pacific: a Data Handbook。Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Nohlen, Dieter、Krennerich, Michael、Thibaut, Berhard(1999)。Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook。Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Nohlen, Dieter、Stöver, Philip(2010)。Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook。Baden-Baden：Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft。  new window
6.Kleinbaum, D. G.、Klein, M.(2005)。Survival analysis: A self-learning text。New York：Springer-Verlag。  new window
7.Warwick, Paul(1994)。Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies。Cambridge：New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Shugart, Matthew S.、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamic。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Sartori, Giovanni(1997)。Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes。New York, NY：New York University Press。  new window
10.Lupia, Arthur、McCubbins, Mathew D.(1998)。The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know?。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Skach, Cindy(2005)。Borrowing Constitutional Designs: Constitutional Law in Weimar Germany and the French Fifth Republic。Princeton University Press。  new window
12.King, Gary、Keohane, Robert O.、Verba, Sidney(1994)。Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific inference in Qualitative Research。Princeton University Press。  new window
13.Elgie, Robert(2011)。Semi-Presidentialism: Sub-types and Democratic Performance。Oxford University Press。  new window
其他
1.Inter-Parliamentary Union。PARLINE Database on National Parliaments，http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch.asp， 2013/02/02。  new window
圖書論文
1.Wu, Yu-Shan(2011)。Clustering of Semi-Presidentialism: A First Cut。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy。Basingstoke, Hampshire。  new window
2.Damgaard, Erik(2008)。Cabinet Termination。Cabinets and Coalition Bargaining: The Democratic Life Cycle in Western Europe。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Elgie, Robert(2011)。An Increasingly Common Constitutional Choice。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy。New York：Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
4.Lin, Jih。The Rules of Electoral Competition and the Accountability of Semi-Presidential Governments。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy。New York：Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
5.Protsyk, Oleh(2011)。Semi-Presidentialism under Post-Communism。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy。Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
6.Moestrup, Sophia(2007)。Semi-presidentialism in Young Democracies: Help or Hindrance?。Semi-Presidentialism Outside Europe: A Comparative Study。Routledge。  new window
7.Elgie, Robert、Schleiter, Petra(2011)。Variation in the Durability of Semi-Presidential Democracies。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy。New York：Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
 
 
 
 
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