Every culture is composed of multi-elements. Cultural analysis must be researched through a long period of time, multi-oriented, and holistic perspective. For example, when we discuss ‘Hakka’ and ‘Hakka studies’ in Taiwan society, we must mention the social movements in the 1980s and developed into ‘Hakkaism’ in the 1990s. The purpose of this article is to find records about ‘the Hakka’ in the historical materials written by the Chinese and foreigners (especially the missionary of the Basel Christian) from the 19th to the early 20th and to explore the developing formation of the Hakka consciousness in Southern China.