Puli Basin is a geographical area in central Taiwan with unique geographical conditions and historical features. During the historical development, the Puli Basin experienced the collective enclave of Han Chinese during the Jia-Qing Period; During the first years of the Dao-Quang period, the Ping-pu tribe migrated to the central Taiwan; In the late Qing Dynasty, one of the most important towns of the policies used to develop the mountain areas and pacify the indigenous people; In the early days of the Japanese ruled period, the Taiwan Office of the Governor-General explored one of the colonial survey areas where Japanese immigrant villages were set up; the development of the sugar industry during the Japanese ruled period the transformation of the water conservancy facilities and the transformation of the agricultural industry after the war. The development and water conservancy construction of the Puli Basin before the the policies used to develop the mountain areas and pacify the indigenous people in the late Qing dynasty was dominated by the Ping-pu tribe. That is not the same as the history of the land development by the Han Chinese in the western part of Taiwan. Explore the development of water conservancy in Puli Basin, you can show the different aspects of the Taiwan's development history. This article attempts to construct the history of water conservancy development in the Puli Basin for 200 years from the perspective of environmental resources and historical changes by using historical documents and field investigation. The water resources development in Puli Basin can be divided into three stages: pioneering, integration and transformation. In addition to exploring the concept of extra-regional water diversion introduced by environmental conditions and industrial development, it also explores the close relationship between official policies and the promotion and management of local water conservancy facilities, as well as the connection between water conservancy and local beliefs and industrial changes.