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題名：父母自我分化、教養態度對青少年子女自我分化、因應策略及適應影響之研究
書刊名：教育心理學報
作者：吳麗娟
作者(外文)：Wu, Li-chuan
出版日期：1998
卷期：30:1
頁次：頁91-132
主題關鍵詞：家庭系統理論；父母自我分化；青少年自我分化；父母教養態度；自我分化代間傳遞；因應策略；適應；Bowen family systems theory；Parents' self-differentiation；Intergenerational transmission process of self-differentiation；Parenting behavior；Children' self-differentiation；Coping
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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　　　　　本研究主要以Bowen 家庭系統理論為基礎，探討父母自我分化與父母教養態度的 關係，父母、子女的自我分化代間傳遞的過程及父母自我分化對青少年適應的影響關係，以 作為研擬具體親職教育課程與青少年輔導之參考。本研究結果係根據台北地區九所國中一、 二年級學生及其父母 384 組有效樣本的資料分析而得。 本研究所使用的工具包括：(1) 「 家庭生活經驗量表」 (測父母自我分化 )；(2) 「青少年知覺家庭生活經驗量表」 (測子女 自我分化 )；(3) 「父母教養態度量表」；(4) 「青少年因應策略量表」；(5) 「少年人格 測驗」 (測適應情形 )。調查所得資料以典型相關分析統計法進行資料分析。本研究的主要 發現如下：一、父母自我分化與其教養態度之間是有相關存在的。父母兩人關係的親密度及 其彼此關係是否混淆與父母的教養態度有清楚的關係。二、自我分化代間傳遞過程：父母自 我分化與子女自我分化之間是有相關存在的，但是代間傳遞比較可能的過程會是父母自我分 化經由父母教養態度間接影響子女自我分化。三、父母自我分化父母教養態度共同與子女看 我分化之間是有相關存在的。四、子女自我分化、父母教養態度共同與子女因應策略之間是 有相關存在的。五、父母教養態度、子女因應策略共同與子女適應之間是有相關存在的。六 、父母自我分化可能影響子女適應，是傾向為間接的影響關係。父母自我分化可能影響子女 適應的途徑為：1. 父母自我分化可能是間接經父母教養態度影響子女適應。2. 父母自我分 化可能是經由父母教養態度，再經由子女因應策略影響子女適應。 3. 父母自我分化可能是 經由父母教養態度，再經由子女自我分化與子女因應策略而影響子女適應。 4. 父母自我分 化對子女適應影響的可能途徑，主要皆經過父母教養態度而不是經過子女自分化而影響子女 適應。故父母自我分化直接透過子女自我分化，再經過子女因應策略來影響子女適應的途徑 並未獲得積極的支持證據。本研究顯示，父母教養態度扮演極重要的角色，不僅與父母自我 分化、子女自我分化有關，與子女的因應策略及適應情形皆有明顯關係。最後，研究者根據 本研究結果加以討論，並提出具體建議，以應用在青少年輔導與親職教育課程設計方面，及 作為未來研究之參考。
　　　　　This study is based on Bowen family systems theory. The general purpose of this study is to investigate (a) the relatiohship between parents' self-differentiation and parenting behavior, (b) the transmission of self-diferentiation to the succeeding generation, and (c) the effects of parents' self-differentiation on children's adjustment. The sample consisted of 384 pairs of children and parentｓ from the first and second year of nine junior high schools in Taipei. Instruments used in this study were "Parents Self-differentiation Scale", "Adolescent Self-differentiation Scales", "Parenting Behavior Scales", "Inventory of Adolescent Coping Strategies" and "Adolescent Personality Scales", Date obtained in this study were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. The main findings were as follows: 1. The results revealed that parents' self-differentiation was singificantly correlated with parenting behavior. The first canonical root indicated that when spouse intimacy was higher and mothers were fused with fathers, then both fathers and mothers tend to be more caring and democratic and fathers tended to be more over-protective but not neglectful. 2.With ragrad to the intergenerational transmission of self-differentiation, the results indicated that parents' self-differentiation was significantly correlated with their children's self-differentiaiton, but this relationship was mediated by the parenting behaviors. 3. Both parents' self-differentiation and parenting behavior were together significantly correlated with their children's self-differentiation. 4. Both parenting behavior and children's self-differentiation were together significantly correlated with children's coping strategies. 5.Both parenting behavior and children's coping strategies were together significantly correlated with children's adjustment. 6.The results also indicated that parent's self-differentiation might affect children's adjustment through four variables. Specifically, parents' self-differentiation might influence children's adjustment through parenting behavior, children's self-differentiaiton and coping strategies. In sum, parenting behavior play an important role in children's psychological adjustment. The implications of these results for parenting program, counseling and educational services for adolescents, and future research are discussed.
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10.Krikoria, S. E.(1990)。The relationship between level of differentiation from the family of origin and career decision-making among college students(博士論文)。California school of Professional Psychology，Los Angeles。  new window
11.Grossma, M.(1992)。Parental relationships, coping strategies, received support, and wellbeing in adolescents of separated/divorced and married parents(博士論文)。School of nursing McGill University，Montreal。  new window
12.王嚮蕾(1994)。原生家庭父母自我分化與青少年自我分化、焦慮之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
13.賈紅鶯(1991)。父母自我分化、子女自我分化與子女適應水準之相關研究--Bowen家庭系統理論之驗證(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
14.管貴貞(1992)。單親青少年的壓力因應策略及其社會適應之研究(碩士論文)。東海大學。  延伸查詢new window
15.蔡秀玲(1997)。大學男女學生依附關係、個體化與適應之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
16.歐慧敏(1996)。國小學生因應策略與行為困擾之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立台南師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
17.范美珍(1996)。原生家庭組型與氣氛對父母管教方式之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學，高雄。  延伸查詢new window
18.吳金香(1978)。父母教養方式與國中學生自我觀念的關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Rosenbaum, M.(1990)。Learned Resourcefulness: On Coping Skills, Self-Control, and Adaptive Behavior。New York：Springer。  new window
2.McKinney, F.、Lorion, R. P.、Zax, M.(1976)。Effective behavior and human development。New York：Macmillan。  new window
3.Sears, Robert R.、Maccoby, Eleanor E.、Levin, H.(1957)。Patterns of Child Rearing。Evanston, Ill：Row Peterson。  new window
4.王行(1994)。家族歷史舞心理治療。台北市：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.吳就君(1986)。家族治療--理論與實施。台北市：大洋出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.Thorpe, L. P.、Clark, W. W.、Tiegs, E. W.(1939)。California test of personality。Los Angeles：California Test Bureau。  new window
7.Sigel, I. E.(1985)。Parental belief system。Hillsdale, N. J.：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.。  new window
8.Rogers, C. R.(1931)。Test of personality adjustment。New York：Ass. Press。  new window
9.Murphy, L. B.(1962)。The widening world of childhood。New York：Basic Books。  new window
10.Monat, A.、Lazarus, R. S.(1985)。Stress and coping: An anthology。New York：Columbia University。  new window
11.Boszormenyi-Nagy, I.、Spark, G.(1973)。Invisible loyalties。New York：Harper and Row。  new window
12.Bloom, M. V.(1980)。Adolescent-parental separation。New York：Gardner Press。  new window
13.Werner, E. E.、Smith, R. S.(1982)。Vulnerable, but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth。New York, NY：McGraw-Hill。  new window
14.Teyber, E.(1992)。Interpersonal process in psychotherapy。Pacific Grove, CA：Brooks/Cole Publishing Company。  new window
15.Minuchin, S.、Rosman, B. L.、Baker, L.(1978)。Psychosomatic Families: Anorexia Nervosa in Context。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。  new window
16.Kerr, Michael E.、Bowen, Murray(1988)。Family Evaluation: An Approach Based on Bowen Theory。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
17.Bowen, M.(1978)。Family therapy in clinical practice。Jason Aronson。  new window
18.Lazarus, Richard S.、Folkman, Susan(1984)。Stress, appraisal, and coping。Springer Publishing Company。  new window
其他
1.Skowron, E. A.，Friedlander, M. L.(1996)。Testing Bowen Theory: The Relationship of Differentiation of Self to Psychological Adjustment and Marital satisfaction。  new window
2.Mceachern, L. V. H.(1974)。An investigation of the relationships between self- esteem, the power motives, and democratis, authoritarian, or laissez-faire home atmosphere。  new window
圖書論文
1.Bronfenbrenner, J.(1961)。Socialization and social class through time and space。Readings in social psychology。New York：Holt。  new window
2.Becker, W. C.(1964)。Consequences of different kinds of parental disciplines。Review of child development research。Russell Sage Foundation。  new window
3.White, R. W.(1974)。Strategies of adaptation: An attempt at systematic description。Coping and adaptation。New York：Basic Books。  new window
4.Bernard, C.、Corrales, R.(1979)。The family as an intergenerational system。The theory and technique of family therapy。Springfield, ILL：Charles C. Thomas。  new window
5.Carson, D. K.、Swanson, D. M.(1991)。Stress and Coping as Predictors of Young Children's Development and Psychosocial Adjustment。The family life cycle: A framework for family therapy。New York：Gardner。  new window
6.Cooper, C. R.、Grotevant, H. D.、Condon, S. M.(1983)。Individuality and connected- ness in the family as a context for adolescent identity formation and role-taking skill。Adolescent development in the family: New directions for child development。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
7.Montemayor, R.、Flannery, D. J.(1991)。Parent-adolescent relations in middle and late adolescence。Encyclopedia of adolescence。New York：Garland。  new window
8.Framo, I. L.(1976)。Family of origin as a therapeutic resource for adults an marital and family therapy: You can and should go home again。Family Therapy。International University Press, Inc.。  new window
9.Bowen, M.(1976)。Theory in the practice of psychotherapy。Family therapy: Theory and practice。New York, NY：Gardner Press。  new window
10.Pulkkinen, L.(1982)。Self-control and Continuity from Childhood to Adolescence。Life-Span Development on Behavior。N.Y.：Academic Press。  new window
11.Steinberg, L.(1990)。Interdependence in the family: Autonomy, conflict, and harmony in the parent-adolescent relationship。At the threshold: The developing adolescent。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University。  new window
12.Maccoby, E. E.、Martin, J. A.(1983)。Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction。Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development。John Wiley & Sons。  new window
 
 
 
 
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