根據作者以往對儒家倫理的分析，本論文首先說明儒家「庶人倫理」的特色，在 於強調親密社會中人際關係的安排；然後引入 Habermas 對「生活世界」和「系統」的區分 ，說明東方社會現代化的意義之一，是個人有愈來愈多的機會在各種不同的社會系統中，跟 屬於工具性關係的他人進行互動；再借用西方倫理學的分析，說明儒家倫理和現代社會中的 專業倫理，在本質上有何矛盾；最後再回到 Habermas 的「溝通行動理論」，說明：在理論 上，如何透過以「系統」對抗「系統」的方式，藉由「溝通」與「批判」來化解這種矛盾。

Based on the author’s previous works of analyzing the depth structure of Confucianism, this article argues that the Confucian ethics for ordinary people were designed to arrange the hierarchical relationships within intimate society. The distinction between lifeworld and system was utilized to emphasize an important implication of modernization in Oriental society, that is, an individual has more and more opportunity to interact with people of instrumental relationships in various social systems where professional ethics are urgently in need for their smooth operation. The contradiction between Confucian ethics and professional ethics in modern society was discussed, its possible resolution by confrontational dialogue and critical communication between social systems was provided in terms of Habermas’, communicative action theory.