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題名：組織跨界者角色認知與關係管理
作者：陳以慕
作者(外文)：Chen, YiMu
校院名稱：國立中正大學
系所名稱：企業管理研究所
指導教授：連雅慧博士
艾昌瑞博士
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2011
主題關鍵詞：組織跨界者；組織間關係管理；角色認知；個體到總體的程序；organizational boundary spanner；inter-organizational relationship management；role cognition；micro-macro processes
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近代管理學的思想演進到開放系統的觀點，重視組織與環境的關係，本研究深入解析組織跨界者的角色認知，如何影響到其管理跨界關係時所採用的行為組型，從與其他組織的合作當中獲取資訊與資源，進而創造關係價值並提高組織的競爭力。採用紮根理論研究方法，建構新的理論雛型，用來解析個別行動者對總體關係網絡的貢獻，主要內容包括組織跨界者的「角色認知」與「行為組型」，及對組織間關係「關係價值」的影響，三者相互配適推動跨界關係從建立、到發展再到撤退的歷程。
總共有9位管理跨界關係的經理人參與本研究，依照他們對組織跨界者這個角色的期望分類，主動者期望實現自我的角色功能，被動者按照規定履行角色任務，期盼融洽的人我關係者努力促成跨界關係的發展，偏好居間中介者盡力維持自己不可或缺的地位，依此將組織跨界者分為四種角色認知類型：創業家、擋箭牌、火車頭與通譯員。組織跨界者角色認知不同，採取不同的行為來管理組織與環境的關係，分別提出建立、發展或撤退跨界關係的建議，期望獲得不同的關係價值。即組織跨界者的角色認知對情境(組織與環境)有不同的理解、想像與企圖，其認知與情感也將反應自己的價值觀，評估自我管理跨界關係的效率與效能。
本研究訪談組織跨界者與搜集次級資料，將得到的文本歸納出跨界關係管理的理論雛型，主張角色認知得以為組織創造理想的關係價值：(一)、創業家類型的組織跨界者追求人際的信任與共識，藉由頻繁的互動與溝通，不僅跨界合作還整合組織內部不同功能部門的意見，讓代工廠的生產產能與品牌客戶的行銷資源緊密地結合在一起，形成專業代工生產(OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer)與專業代工設計製造營運模式(ODM：Original Design Manufacturer)的夥伴關係，也因資源互補的綜效讓代工廠與品牌客戶在激烈競爭的市場與多變的環境中生存；(二)、履行中介任務的擋箭牌類型的組織跨界者，雖然不能積極地創造關係價值，但提供良好的緩衝機制確保交易順利進行，甚至是從跨界關係撤退，保護組織資源的價值免於受損，對跨界關係有獨特的意義與貢獻；(三)、火車頭類型的組織跨界者有積極實現角色功能的意願，擅用結構間隙為工具，操弄組織內、外部流通的訊息與資源，製造機會改變組織間關係的型態、結構與內容，為組織創造關係價值，最適合用來新建、擴展或汰換合作對象；以及(四)、通譯員類型的組織跨界經常與創業家、火車頭搭配，他不積極實現自我，而是耗費組織資源投資在技術移轉等專業，期望能協助其他功能部門將投資回收，所以稱為間接的關係價值。
依照研究結果建構跨界關係管理的理論雛型，說明不同角色認知類型的組織跨界者，將採取不同的行為來追求跨界關係的價值，因此組織有必要慎選適當的管理者來管理組織與環境的關係，並建議實務界重視組織跨界者的角色功能。
This dissertation grounds a theory describing organizational boundary spanner as an individual actor to accomplish inter-organizational relationship. Role cognition creates extra relationship value if the motivated actions fulfill micro-macro processes requirement appropriately. Theory model highlights the fit of role cognition type compliance with the context. Resulting management actions change resource and other divisions to the extent that relationship value ia realized.
9 practitioners participate this research sharing living experience as boundary spanners. They are classified to four types according role cognition. Espoused role aggressively actualizes self- expectation. Prescibed role delivers task modestly. Coalescent inclination while dealing with imposed expectations develops cooperative norm. Intermediate inclination makes use of unconnected linkage in stead. Entrepreneur ,espoused and coalescent, develops partnership. Locomotive, espoused and intermediate, establishes relationship. Interpreter, prescribed and coalescent, provides with technique service. Buffer, prescribed and intermediate, compensates discrepancy in case of crisis.
Data analysis sustains action construction framework of this theory grounded. Individual boundary spanner contributes idiosyncratice relationship value because of different management action which role cognition originates. Entreprenure pursues snergy by frequent interaction so as to combine complementary resouces cross border. Locomotive manipulates information, resource for the purpose to escalates possibility of extra relationship value. Interpreter devotes expertise although indirectly relevant to relationship value. Buffer passively protects organization resource from abuse to keep relationship value.
Implication resides in the recognition of the importance of organization boundary spanner. The fit of role cognition and the context signifies effectivity and efficiency of inter-organizational relationship management.
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