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題名:地方發展調節與制度形式之研究
作者:廖淑容 引用關係
作者(外文):Shu-Jong Liau
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:都市計劃研究所
指導教授:周志龍
辛晚教
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:地方發展調節制度形式local developmentregulationinstitutional form
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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1970年代的全球化發展風潮,使得世界各地無論是地方中心、產業城市、或全球城市皆無豁免地深受影響;各國的地方發展與全球經濟力量產生不可避免的直接性連結關係。如何回應這全球化的連結與變遷,地方發展的議題和城市的經理成為近十年來各國討論的焦點。更進一步,由於過去對地方發展的討論,忽略對「非經濟因素」重視,使得調節形式和制度取向的研究,成為新一波地方發展策略的重要切入點。換言之,調節與制度是地方回應全球經濟和社會變遷的重要元素,而地方的制度能力則是回應全球化競爭之結構危機,凸顯其差異性與尋求安定與進步的要素,地方的繁榮進而決定在制度能力的厚實與著床。
台灣自1960年代採行「出口導向」工業化發展模式,開啟與世界貿易經濟體系互動的橋樑,便逐漸地被整合在世界的經濟系統,深受全球經濟發展的影響;各縣市的經濟發展也一併與之同步演化。本研究架構在全球發展思維下,以台灣地方(縣市層級)的發展為研究議題,嘗試從調節和制度形式的角度切入,建構地方發展的理論基礎與研究架構。就台灣縣市發展經驗,研究結果符合理論探討和命題的基礎:(一)地方的再發展,涉及三個空間層次,架構在全球和國家層次的外在結構,以及內部制度能力所形成的地方發展架構。(二)外在的結構環境,強調國家形式對地方發展的施為,在經濟、政治、社會等向度,與地方發展的連結;即國家功能所發揮的調節和制度作用。(三)內部的制度能力和調節作用,則重視地方政府施為、制度與組織、作用者網絡、地方發展共識、以及一個創新與學習能力的作用。此外,不均衡的地方發展情形,則是威權體制與國家霸權支配模式下,一個國家層次的調節和制度作用後的結果。然晚近時期,隨著地方自主能力的提升,地方發展朝向強調透過內部制度能力的重視與提升,來逐漸扭轉過去邊陲的窘境。宜蘭的文化模式,即是地方政府與社會資本交織作用的一個重要成果;進一步,如何厚實其制度能力,使內生的文化模式,得進一步鑲嵌於宜蘭地域,是重要的發展方向。新竹個案的討論,為強調外在結構優勢:全球產業經濟的連結,以及國家資源大力的介入,對地方發展的重要性;進一步,如何厚實其制度能力,使國家資源外植的科技產業模式得以著床於新竹地域,也是重要的發展方向。
回歸理論討論的辯證,並探究個案實證的結果,過度依賴政府資源的新竹和宜蘭地域,將會導致制度發展的惰性,以及與地方社會資本互動脫節的現象;地方制度的厚實,是一個重要的發展方向,即仰賴地方共識的凝聚、願景的清晰,以及全球網絡的連結作用。換言之,對地方發展而言,外在的調節和制度作用是強而有利的機會,而內部制度的形成與著床,以及調節作用的發揮,則是地方永續經理的潛力。如何兼顧,考驗國家資源調配和策略施為,也考驗著地域國家主政者的智慧,決定地方成長的關鍵。
The strength of globalisation, through transnational corporations and banks, global consumption norms, world ideologies, international authority structures, not only embodies global-local spatial nexus, but also severely impacts the local development, such as the local centres, industrial cities, and global cities. Therefore, the issues of local economic development and the governance of cities have taken on heightened importance in recent decades. Consequently, due to a neglect of non-economic factors, the development of institutions of governance and the creation of institutional capability, which focus on the research of governmental strategy, enterprise cooperation and partnership, and social capital, has become an important strategy in local responses to globalisation. In other words, as indicated by the institutionalists, the institutional factors and thickness have come to play a key role in the changing globalization that can form a unique locality and promote the local development following a well-construction of institutional embeddedness.
Taiwan adopted the "Export oriented industrialization; EOI" to connect with the world economic system since the 1970s, it has involved and is evolving in the globalisation impact and structural change of the economy. This study discussed the local development based on theories of regulation and institution to endeavor a theoretical realisation of local development and empirical studies in Taiwan. The results can explain the reality of local development in Taiwan: (1)the local development is involve in three spatial levels, external structure of global nexus and national policies, and internal institutional capacity; (2)the external structure environment emphasize the importance of state, which not only engage in the institutional linkage between economy, politic and society but also strengthen the state effect on the process of regulation and institution; (3)the internal capacity of institution highlight a local self-learning and creative institutional ability with a cooperative nexus of governmental agendas, institution and mechanism, agent interactive networks, and local consciousness. In addition, although the external environment owns a powerful force to restructure local representations even produce an effect on a phenomenon of uneven development, a construction local institutional thickness and a promotion of local self-managed ability, in recent decades, can gradually formulate a turnover of local development. The case of I-Lan in Taiwan represents a successful cultural strategy to lift an opportunity of local redevelopment but has to make it embedded into local society and economy. The development of Hsinchu area, although the advantage of high-tech industries, a good position of global economic nexus, and a great support of the state raise a higher competition but should furthermore overcome a crisis of institutional weakness on the society.
However, we need to awake a crisis of institutional inertia and disconnected social interactions because of overloaded supports from the state. Meanwhile, the local institutional embeddedness and thickness should have an insight into a global nexus, a social capital, and a definite perspective. The external regulations can be identified as an advantage of local development and the institution should be highlighted its effect on local governance. It is a critical issue to be aware of influences of the state strategies in harmony with cooperative and appropriate distributions of resources.
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劉益昌、詹素娟(1996),「噶瑪蘭」的過去與未來,宜蘭文獻雜誌,32:32-37。new window
二、中文網站
行政院經濟建設委員會網站(http://cepd.spring.org.tw)
仰山文教基金會網站(http://www.youngsun.org.tw)
新竹科學工業園區網站(http://www.sipa.gov.tw)
宜蘭縣政府網站(http://www.e-land.gov.tw/)
宜蘭縣文化局網站(http://regatta.ilc.edu.tw/)
宜蘭縣政府觀光旅遊資訊網站(http://www.e-land.gov.tw/etour/index.htm)
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