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題名：親子遊戲治療對憂鬱症兒童父母親職復原力之建構
作者：曾仁美 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tseng, Ren-Mei
校院名稱：國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱：輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授：高淑貞
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2005
主題關鍵詞：親子遊戲治療；遊戲治療；親職復原力；現象學分析法；建構；filial therapy；play therapy；parental resilience；phenomenological data analysis；construction
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究主要的目的是瞭解憂鬱症兒童母親參與親子遊戲成長團體後，親職復原力建構的內涵及歷程，以及瞭解團體成員的「背景狀況」、「團體互動」及「團體內容」對憂鬱症兒童母親建構親職復原力的影響。本研究採用Landtreth的親子遊戲治療十週模式訓練憂鬱症兒童的母親成為治療的代理人，母親在團體中被教導基本的兒童中心遊戲治療的態度及技巧，之後與兒童在家進行每週一次的親子遊戲單元。團體成員在每二、四、六、八、十週的團體結束後四十八小時內接受本研究的電話訪談。本研究採用現象學分析法進行研究資料之分析，相關研究結果如下：
一、憂鬱症兒童的母親參與親子遊戲治療後，所建構的親職復原力內涵包括：
(一)在「親職角色的覺察和領悟」上增加對自我狀態、教養方式及孩子的狀態的覺察。
(二)在對「親職角色的主觀感受」改變上，憂鬱症兒童的母親增加了對孩子及自己的接納感、幸福感、希望感、方向感、支持感，以及對自己、孩子及親子關係改變而產生的成就感、信心感和控制感。
(三)在「親職技巧的改變」上，憂鬱症兒童的母親能在生活中運用團體所學「強化親子界限」、對兒童進行「有效溝通」及「強化親子互動」。
二、憂鬱症兒童的母親參與親子遊戲治療後親職復原力建構的歷程包括：
(一)在建立關係階段：成員在團體中充份表達個人的困境，獲得「普同感」、「支持感」及「幸福感」。
(二)練習反應式傾聽階段：成員領悟到親子衝突與親子互動中自己的情緒穩定度、自己忽略孩子的感受及親子間缺乏真正的溝通等三項因素有關。
(三)進行遊戲單元階段：初期成員因親子互動反應技巧不足、錄影問題、求好心切、孩子抗拒等因素促使對遊戲單元及自己的執行能力產生強烈的挫敗感。第一次督導的緊張焦慮在督導後獲得問題澄清，對遊戲單元的理解及領悟增加。在遊戲單元中領悟自己及孩子的限制，以及孩子的能力，對自己及孩子產生更多同理、接納及包容。第二次督導產生進展的競爭壓力及成功示範。
三、背景狀態、團體互動及團體內容對親職復原力建構的影響
(一)憂鬱症兒童的母親於背景狀態上表現的共通點包括本身身心壓力大、情緒控制困難、健康狀況不佳、家庭及社會支持不足、缺乏適當的教養技巧及缺乏正向的親職知覺，與焦點兒童相處親子衝突大，且親子關係差。影響親職復原力建構的相關因素包括團體前參與團體的經驗及家庭中先生的支持度。
(二)團體互動影響成員在團體中建構支持感、幸福感、普同感、及希望感。
(三)團體內容影響成員對親職復原力的建構包括：
1.反應式傾聽的練習增加母親對自己的狀態及孩子的狀態的領悟。
2.家中遊戲單元的執行使成員從中領悟孩子的能力及限制。
3.遊戲單元督導激勵成員潛移默化及學習競爭。
4.設限的練習強化親子界限。
5.親子小事故事時間使成員從隱喻中體會不同親子互動的模式。
本研究依據研究結果提出具體建議，以供有興趣的研究者或實務工作者參考。
This study was designed to analyse the construction process of parenting resilience for the depression children’s mothers who joined the group of filial therapy. Furthermore, the members’ backgrounds, interactions as well as the contents in the group were evaluated as the effects on the parenting resilience construction. The Landreth 10-week filial therapy model was adopted to train the depression children’s mothers to be therapeutic agents with their children. The mothers were taught with basic child-centered play therapy skills and the utilization of these skills in weekly play sessions with their children. They were interviewed by phone for evaluation within 48 hrs after the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th groups. All the data were analyzed by using the phenomenological approach, displaying some significant results as follows:
1.After attending the filial therapy group, the depression children’s mothers constructed the content of parenting resilience involving in three fields:
(1) In the aspect of awareness and enlightment of the parenting roles, members were enhanced.to understand self and children’s conditions, as well as their educating styles.
(2) In the feelings toward parenting roles, the mothers’ senses of acceptability, happiness, hopefulness, directionality, and being supported were promoted. Also the senses of achievements, faith, and controlling of parent-child relationship were increased.
(3) In filial therapy group, the members got some changes of parenting skills .The mothers enhanced the parents and children’s boundary, communication effectively and strengthen paent-child interaction in the daily life.
2. After the depression children’s mothers attended the filial therapy group, the process of parenting resilience construction involvs three stages:
(1) During the stage of establishing relationships, the members expressed thoroughly the personal difficulties in order to receive the universality, support and happiness in the groups.
(2) During the stage of practicing the reflective listening, the members were enlightened on the conflicts between parents and children being related with the emotional stability, the neglect of child’s feeling, and the communication deficiency.
(3) During the stage of proceeding the play sessions, the members were frustrated by the unfamiliar reactive skills, tape recording problems, and children’s resistance. They felt nervous and anxious about the first play session supervision, and realized the limits and the abilities of self and children, the progress pressure and successful modeling were found in the second play session supervision .
3. The reflection of the members’ backgrounds, interactions and group content to the parenting resilience construction were discussed, too.
(1) There are some common backgrounds for depression children’s mothers: bearing heavy psychosomatic pressures, difficult to control emotions, unhealthy conditions, deficient support from family and society, inadequate educating skills, lack of positive parent understanding, considerable conflicts with focused children, and unfavorable parent-child relationships. The previous group attending experiences and the husbands’ support were the two factors affecting the construction of parenting resilience.
(2) The interactions in the group assistant in forming the sense of being supported, happiness, universality, and hopefulness.
(3) The contents affecting the parenting resilience construction might involve in:
a.Practicing the reflective listening enhanced the mothers’ understanding of their and children’s conditions.
b.The home play sessions promoted the member to realize the children’s ability and limitation.
c.The play sessinon supervision stimulated the members to learn with each other.
d.Practicing on setting limits enhanced the boundary between parents and children.
e.The metaphor of stories telling in the group help the members to appreciate the various interaction models with children.
The results and analysis offer some concrete suggestions to the researchers and practical workers of filial therapy.
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