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題名:佛教對「心身關係」中「心理疾病」本質的詮解 ──以廣義的心識哲學為中心
作者:干文琴
作者(外文):Wen-Chin Kan
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
指導教授:孫雲平
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:心身關係心理疾病阿陀那識理性情緒佛教哲學
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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「疾病」現象是人在生命歷程中必然遭逢的際遇,然而,回應這個生活世界的普遍現象的專門哲學論述並不多。本文以幾個文本資料為背景,將問題論域聚焦於「疾病」中的「心理疾病」。當「心理疾病」的衝擊層面不斷擴大時,有一些精神科醫師開始反思並面對「心靈哲學」的核心議題並將這些哲學的假設應用到臨床的疾病治療中。另有一些有識之士著手於精神疾病與哲學的相關研究,逐漸開展出哲學領域的一個新版圖—「精神醫學哲學」。在醫學臨床者開始借助哲學來反思既有的科學視域之際,本文意圖檢視佛教哲學對「心理疾病」這個現象或概念是否具有解釋力,並期望能從佛教文本解釋心理疾病的發生學(genetics)及其本質義涵。
本文以「解行並重」的動態詮釋學為進路,並以佛教中心識哲學的相關思想為為研究範圍。全文的架構如下:
第一章從「心靈哲學」、「佛法中的心身關係」以及「精神醫學哲學」著手進行文獻回顧。第二章則是處理英美、歐陸及佛學對「心理疾病」的哲學思辨內容第三章透過論證佛教唯識立場的先驗意識結構,為揭示佛法的心身關係鋪路。第四章則透過「五蘊」及「六大」各別概念間的關聯性,找出佛法中的心身互動以及心腦關係。第五章探究「心王」、「心所」與「心理疾病」的關係,並從「本體論」與「認識論」層面為「理性」提供佛法的定義。此外。亦論證「心所法」同時具有「認知」、「情緒」及「倫理」意涵,及在此意涵下如何共同建立「理性」概念,乃至於影響心理健康。
“Illness” is a necessary phenomenon that people have to encounter in the whole life. However, there are few philosophical discussions respond to this universal state. This dissertation poses the question of “mental disorder” , which is drawn the inspiration from some research papers. While the negative impacts of "mental illness" are dramatically increasing, some psychiatrists begen to reckon with the core issues of "philosophy of mind" and apply these philosophical assumptions to the treatment in clinical. Meanwhile, there are some philosophers devoted to researches relating psychiatry to philosophy. A new field, philosophy of psychiatry, is therefore gradually developed in such context. This dissertation intends to examine if Buddhist philosophy is able to illuminate the concept of “mental disorder”.The main purpose is to present the genetics and eccence of “mental disorder” from the view of Buddhist context.
This paper is organized as follows. Chapter 1 writes the literature review of philosophy of mind, mind-body relation of Buddhism and philosophy of psychiatry. Chapter 2 reviews some philosophical refection on “mental disorder” from the prespective of American, Continental and Buddhism. Through the argumentation of transcendental consciousness constitution from the viewpoint of Yogācāra, Chapter 3 reveals the relation and genetics of mind and body. Chapter 4 justifies mind-body interaction and mind-brain relationship with the explication of “six supreme qualities” and “five aggregations”. The relations among “mind”(心王), “mental concomitants”(心所) and “mental disorder are discussed , and the definition of “reason” (理性) from Buddhist perspective is offered in chapter 5. Furthermore, we also explain that “mental concomitants” have cognitive, emotional and moral implications. The Buddhist concept of “reason” is thus coerected by “mental concomitants” with cognitive, emotional and moral implications, which affect mental health together.
一、古籍文獻
後秦.鳩摩羅什譯《佛說首楞嚴三昧經》;《大正藏》冊十五。
————————《成實論》;《大正藏》冊三十二 。
————————《大智度論》;《大正藏》冊二十五 。
陳.真諦譯,《攝大乘論》;《大正藏》冊三十一 。
—————《攝大乘論釋》;《大正藏》冊三十一 。
—————《顯識論》;《大正藏》冊三十一 。
—————《轉識論》;《大正藏》冊三十一 。
吳.竺律炎共支越譯,《佛說佛醫經》冊十七 。
唐.實叉難陀譯《大乘入楞伽經》;《大正藏》冊十六 。
唐.玄奘譯《大寶積經》;《大正藏》冊十一 。
—————《解深蜜經》;《大正藏》冊十六。
—————《阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論》;《大正藏》冊二十七。
—————《唯識三十論頌》;《大正藏》冊三十一。
唐.不空譯《大乘密嚴經》;《大正藏》冊十六。
唐.地婆訶羅譯《大乘密嚴經》;《大正藏》冊十六。
唐.圓測《解深密經疏》;《續大正藏》冊二十一。
宋.永明延壽《宗鏡錄》;《大正藏》冊四十八。

二、中文專書與期刊論文
川田洋一著,許洋主譯,2002,《佛法與醫學》,台北:東大出版社。
文德爾班著,羅達仁譯,2006, 《西洋哲學史》,台北:台灣商務印書館,頁125-135。
尤惠貞,2001,〈從天台智者大師的圓頓止觀看病裡乾坤〉,《揭諦》第3 期。new window
沈清楷,2013, 〈呂格爾詮釋學中的「後黑格爾的康德風格」〉,《哲學與文化》第四十卷第七期,頁126-127。new window
吳汝鈞,1983, 《佛學研究方法論》,台北:學生書局。new window
林鎮國,2012, 《空性與方法》,台北:政大出版社。
洪漢鼎,2001, 《詮釋學—它的歷史和當代發展》,北京:人民出版社。new window
———,2008,《重新回現象學的原點—現象學十四講》,北京:人民出版社。
約瑟˙根米著,陳登義譯,《精神醫學新思維-多元論的探索與辯證》,台北:心靈工坊,2011。
孫雲平,2013, 〈呂格爾詮釋學對上帝存在的敘事「論證」〉,《哲學與文化》第四十卷第七期,頁105。new window

曾錦坤,2001,〈原始佛教的心身觀〉,《國立編譯館館刊》第30 卷第1-2 期,頁19-33。
〈「新唯識論」的心身觀〉,《中國學術年刊》第22 期,頁207-223.
溫宗堃,2006,〈佛教禪修與身心醫學〉,《普門學報》第33期,頁9-49。
黃冠閔,2013, 〈詮釋何往?呂格爾的想像論與詮釋空間〉,《哲學與文化》第四十卷第七期,頁6。new window
張成鈞,1996,《楞嚴經中身心關係之探究》,國立政治大學碩士論文。
俞懿嫻,2009, <從「關懷靈魂」到「靈魂轉向」:Plato 的生命教育觀>,《生命教育研究》第1卷第2期,頁47-72。new window
陸敬忠,2013, 〈體系性詮釋學之語言存有向度:從呂格爾之《活的隱喻》與高達美詮釋學之對話出發〉,《哲學與文化》第四十卷第七期,頁85。new window
————2014, 〈導論:文化際義理理解與經典詮釋〉,輯於陸敬忠(編),《語言.心性.實踐–西方詮釋與漢語哲學》,新北:台灣基督教文藝,頁36。
愔柏,1988, <佛教的心身世界>,《海潮音》,頁 3-7。
黃國芳,2000,《智者止觀醫療體系的哲學省察》,私立南華大學碩士論文。
陳勝賢,2010,《真諦三藏所傳的七、八、九識之研究--兼論玄奘三藏所傳之主張》,玄奘大學碩士論文。
游瑞鳳、蔡仲弘,2011,<台灣老人食物攝取頻率與憂鬱風險關聯性之探討>,《台衛雜誌》第30期第2卷,頁123-134。new window
葉阿月,2001,<中印「阿陀那識」思想比較:以窺基的心經幽贊為中心>,《東西哲學比較論文集》,台北:新文豐出版。
蔡伯郎,2006,<佛教心心所與現代心理學>,《中華佛學學報》第19期,頁325-349。new window
蔡耀明,2010,<《入楞伽經》的心身不二的實相學說:從排除障礙的一面著手〉,《法鼓學學報》第6期 ,頁57-114。new window
蔡偉鼎,2009, 〈論詮釋學之存有學轉向的語言哲學基礎〉,《東吳哲學學報》第二十期,頁51-53。new window
賴賢宗,2003,《佛教詮釋學》,台北,新文豐出版公司。new window
釋印順,1992,《妙雲集》下編之三『以佛法研究佛法』,:正聞出版社,頁369。
釋惠敏,2004,〈佛教之身心關係及其現代意義〉,《法鼓人文學報》第1 期,頁179-219。
2005,〈佛教修行體系之身心觀〉,《法鼓人文學報》第2 期 ,頁57-96。
2009,<禪法與腦科學的關係考察>,《第二屆世界佛教論談論文集》,國際佛光會主辦。
冀劍制,2006, <心物二元論的惡果>,《弘光人文社會學報》,5:169-185。new window
龔卓軍,2012初版六刷,《身體部署:梅洛龐蒂與現象學之後》,台北:心靈工坊文化, 頁34-5。new window
三、英文專書與期刊
Brian McLaughlin and Jonathan Cohen (eds.), 2007, Contemporary Debatesin Philosophy of Mind, Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
Brook Ziporyn, 2000, “Setup, Punch Line, and the Mind-Body Problem: A Neo-Tiantai Approach,” Philosophy East and West 50/4: 584-613.
Carter , Chris, 2010, Science and the Near-Death Experience, Vermont: Inner Traditions.
Copleston, 2003, Frederick Charles, A History of Philosophy V.1, London ; New York.
Shields, Christopher, 1990, “The First Functionalist,”in Historical Foundations of Cognitive Science, edited by J.C. Smith. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer, pp. 19-32
David Edward Shaner, 1985, The Body-Mind Experience in Japanese Buddhism, Albany: State University of New York, 1985.
Eijk, P. V., 2013, “Cure and (In)curability of Mental Disorder”,in Harris W. V., Cameron A., Said S., Eden K. H., Williams G. D., Klein H. A., eds., Mental Disorder in the Classical World ,Leiden.Boston:Brill, pp321-6.
Moran, Dermot, 2000, Introduction to Phenomenology, London: Routledge, pp.236-237.
Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva (eds.), 2003, The Philosophy of Mind, Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
George Graham, 2010, The Disorder Mind: An Introduction to Philosophy of Mind and Mental Illness, London: Routledge.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 2006, “A New System of the Nature and the Communication of Substances”, The Philosophy of Mind: Classic Problems and Contemporary Issues, edited by Brian Beakley and Peter Ludlos ,London: The MIT Press, pp. 365-368.
Heidegger, M., trans. Edgar Lohner, 1974, in Langiulli, Nino ed., The existentialist Tradition :Selected writings(New York, Doubleday), pp.237-8.
Heil, John, 2004, Philosophy of Mind: A Contemporary Introduction, 2nd edition, New York:Routledge.
Heil, John (ed.), 2004, Philosophy of Mind: A Guide and Anthology, Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.
Huxley, T. H. 1874, “On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and its History”, The Fortnightly Review, 16:555–580. Reprinted in Method and Results: Essays by Thomas H. Huxley 1898, New York: D. Appleton and Company.
Julia Annas, 1992, Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind, Berkeley: University of California Press, p.4.
Jaspers, K., 1968, trans. anonymous., “The Phenomenological approach in psychopathology”, in British Journal of Psychiatry, 114:1313-1323.
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Kim, Jaegwon, 2003, “Multiple Realization and the Metaphysics of Reduction”, in Philosophy of Mind: Contemporary Readings, edited by Timothy O’Connor, David Robb, London: Routledge, pp.159-184.
2006, Philosophy of Mind, 2nd edition, Boulder: Westview Press.
Kant, Immanuel, 1998, trans. By Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood, Critique of Pure Reason , New York:Cambridge University Press, pp. 8-16.
Levine, J., 1983, “Materialism and Qualia: The Explanatory Gap”, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 64:354-361.
Smart, J.J.C., 2003, “Sensations and Brain Processes”, in Philosophy of Mind: Contemporary Readings, edited by Timothy O’Connor, David Robb, London: Routledge, pp.121-137.
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Kendell, R. E., 1975, The concept of disease. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127:305-315.
Boisvert, M., 1995, The Five Aggregates: Understanding Theravāda Psychology and Soteriology,Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1989, Phenomenology of Perception, trans Monika M. Langer, Lodon: The Macmillan Press.
Nicolas Malebranche, N. Jolley and D. Scott, Trans. 1997, Dialogues on Metaphysics and on Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Michel Foucault, 1976, Mental Illness and Psychology, (Berkeley, CA: University of California).
Michael E. Hyland, 2011, The origins of health and disease, New York:Cambridge University Press, pp.5-17.
Plato , 1988, Phaedo, translated with notes by David Gallop, , New York : Oxford University Press.
Paul Griffiths, 1986, On Being Mindless: Buddhist Meditation and the Mind-Body Problem, LaSalle: Open Court.
Paul Ricoeur, 1970, Freud and Philosophy: An essay on interpretation, trans. Denis Savage ,New Haven and London,:Yale University Press.
Peter Harvey, 1993, “The Mind-Body Relationship in Pāli Buddhism: A Philosophical Investigation,” Asian Philosophy 3/1: 29-41.
Putnam, Hilary, 1967 , “Psychological Predicates.”, in Art, Mind, and Religion, edited by W. H. Capitan and D.D. Merrill, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press), pp. 37-48.
Ryle, G., 1949, The Concept of Mind, London: Hutchinson.
Szasz, T., 1960, “The myth of mental illness”, American Psychologist, 15:113-118.
Stephen Stich, Ted Warfield (eds.), 2003, The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind, alden: Blackwell Publishers.
Sue Hamilton, 1996, Identity and Experience: The Constitution of the Human Being According to Early Buddhism, London: Luzac Oriental.
2000, Early Buddhism - A New Approach: The I of the Beholder, Richmond: Curzon Press.
Searle J. R., 2002, “Why I Am Not a Property Dualist?”, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 9/12:57–64.
Sellars, W., 1963, “Philosophy and the Scientic Image of Man”, Science, Perception, and Reality, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 1–40.
Saul A. Kripke, “Naming and Ncessity”, in Philosophy of Mind: Contemporary Readings, edited by Timothy O’Connor, David Robb, London: Routledge, pp.138-158.
Tim Thornton, 2007, Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry, New York: Oxford University Press.
Timothy O’Connor and David Robb (eds.), 2003, Philosophy of Mind: Contemporary Readings, London: Routledge.
Vogt, K. M., 2013, “Plato on Madness and the Good Life”, in Harris W. V., Cameron A., Said S., Eden K. H., Williams G. D., Klein H. A., eds., Mental Disorder in the Classical World ,Leiden.Boston:Brill, p175.
William G. Lycan, 2012, “Is property dualism better off than substance dualism?”, Philos Stud, Springer. Andrewmbailey website, URL= http://andrewmbailey.com/papers/Lycan.pdf.
四、網站資料
郭朝順,〈智顗「五重玄義」的佛教詮釋學〉。華梵大學哲學系網,
URL= http://www.hfu.edu.tw/~lbc/BC/4TH/BC0417.HTM。(2014/10/21瀏覽)
《佛光大辭典》,佛光大辭典第三版,URL=http://etext.fgs.org.tw/etext6/search-1.htm。
冀劍制,《感質與最終理論》,台灣哲學學會網。
URL= http://tpa.hss.nthu.edu.tw/committee/tpaseminar/2006/01.pdf。(2015/02/26瀏覽)
世界衛生組織網路根據2004年所調查、2008年出版更新的網路資料:
URL= http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf (2013/03/22瀏覽)。

 
 
 
 
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