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題名:日本眾議院1993及1996年選舉--自民黨之選票流動分析
書刊名:人文及社會科學集刊
作者:黃紀 引用關係王鼎銘 引用關係郭銘峰 引用關係
作者(外文):Huang, ChiWang, Ding-mingKuo, Ming-feng
出版日期:2005
卷期:17:4
頁次:頁853-883
主題關鍵詞:投票穩定與變遷選票流動選舉制度日本自民黨定群追蹤資料固定效果勝算對數模型隨機效果機率單元模型Electoral stability and changeFlow of the voteElectoral systemThe liberal democratic partyLDPPanel dataFixed effects logitRandom effects probit
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(14) 博士論文(4) 專書(3) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:12
  • 共同引用共同引用:263
  • 點閱點閱:59
民主國家的選舉,選民投票抉擇的「常」與「變」,是攸關各政黨勢力起伏與政黨體系演變的關鍵要素。本文根據日本選舉研究(JES)在1993至1996年所蒐集的定群追蹤資料,分析日本「五五體制」後自民黨面臨多黨競爭下,選民投票穩定與變遷的情形以及其背後的影響因素。研究結果發現,在1993年7月眾院選舉中將票投自民黨的選民當中,約有七成七在1996年10月的眾院選舉時仍穩定地將選票投給了該黨的區域候選人,故儘管自民黨在1996年選舉中有兩成三的選票流失率,但流入率則接近三成五,這對自民黨1996年選後能主導執政,可說助益匪淺。 從定群樣本在第40、41這兩屆眾議員選舉的投票因素來分析,政黨認同對自民黨的選票穩定與變遷有非常顯著的影響。很顯然地,九零年代初雖然日本民眾面臨了多黨競爭的環境,但部分選民對自民黨穩定的認同感確實為該黨鞏固了不少的支持票源,再加上由其他政黨轉而認同自民黨者,使自民黨在1996年選舉獲勝。本文分析結果也顯示,居住地區和選民年齡的影響與過去大致相同:都市的選民比較傾向支持非自民黨的候選人,而鄉下農村的選民則是比較傾向支持自民黨;而年紀較大的選民,較有可能投給自民黨。此外,本文還發現在將上述因素都納入考慮後,1996年日本首度採行之單一選區兩票並立制,對大黨自民黨似較為有利。
Electoral stability and change in a modern democracy causes not only the waxing and waning of a particular political party's strength but also the potential realignment of the entire party system. This study, based on the panel data of the Japanese Election Study (JES), analyzes the flow of the vote for the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) between 1993 and 1996, when the challenges of multi-party competitions occurred for the first time in Japan since 1955. An exploratory analysis reveals that, of the voters for the LDP in 1993 House election, approximately 77% of them remained loyal to the LDP in 1996. Despite the 23% outflow of votes, the LDP in 1996 attracted 35% vote inflow from non-LDP voters in 1993. It was the combination of a relatively high degree of party loyalty and the higher inflow rate that allowed the LDP to lead the coalition government in 1996. More elaborate panel data analyses of fixed effects logit and random effects probit confirm that, of those factors affecting electoral change in Japan between the 40th and 41st House Elections, voters' party identification undoubtedly played a crucial role. In other words, despite the fact that the LDP lost its one-party dominance in the early 1990s, a substantial proportion of its supporters remained loyal. Besides, those who lived in rural areas and older citizens were more likely to vote for the LDP, a pattern consistent with earlier findings in the literatrue of Japanese volting behavior. After taking into account all these variables, however, we still find that voters were more likely to vote for LDP candidates than for other parties in 1996. This seems to indicate that the electoral system reform in 1994, which replaced the single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system with a mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) system, favored the LDP in 1996.
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