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題名：戰後臺灣國小教科書中的障礙者意象分析
書刊名：臺灣社會學刊
作者：張恆豪 引用關係／蘇峰山
作者(外文)：Chang, Heng-hao／Su, Feng-san
出版日期：2009
卷期：42
頁次：頁143-188
主題關鍵詞：障礙研究；內容分析；教科書；社會模式觀點的障礙；健常能力偏見；Disability studies；Content analysis；Textbooks；Social model of disability；Ableism
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(15) 博士論文(5) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:15
  • 共同引用共同引用:250
  • 點閱點閱:443
台灣關於性別、族群關係、階級等差異與不平等的教科書研究，已經累積了顯著的成果，但對教科書中障礙者意象批判性的反省卻十分缺乏。本文運用內容分析，檢視1952到2003年間國小教科書中障礙者的意象，包括身心障礙者的角色出現的數量、類型與詮釋的方式。同時，本文將從障礙研究的角度出發，探討在不同的歷史階段中，台灣身心障礙者的意象在國小教科書中的社會建構。並從障礙研究的角度，針對教科書中障礙者意象的再現提供批判性的反省。針對國小教科書的內容分析中，我們指出台灣國小教科書中身心障礙者再現的幾個特點：(1)身心障礙者在課本中出現的比率非常少。在包含障礙者的課文中，障礙者的意象以肢體障礙爲主，心智障礙者幾乎不存在；(2)指稱方式從「殘廢」，轉變爲「（身心）障礙者」；(3)兩極化的障礙者意象：課文中身心障礙者的論述不是可憐的、需要幫助的、就是勵志的，可以鼓舞一般人的；(4)「障礙」被定義爲個人問題，忽略了社會環境所造成的障礙；(5)缺乏身心障礙者的聲音與世界觀，也缺乏障礙者的異質性及多元文化觀點的討論。
Many researchers have investigated representations of class, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality in Taiwanese textbooks, but few have focused on representations of disabilities. In this paper, the authors use content analysis procedures to explore frequencies of appearance, categories, naming, and portrayal of disabled persons in elementary school textbooks from 1952 to 2003. We also explore representations of ableism ideology in textbooks from a perspective of disability studies. According to our findings, disabled persons are significantly underrepresented in textbooks, and those that are represented mostly have physical disabilities; people with mental illnesses are almost completely overlooked. Second, we noted a change in the term used to refer to people with disabilities, from cán fèi (handicapped) to zhàng ài zhe (disabled persons). Third, people with disabilities are usually portrayed as "the other," in need of assistance or serving as inspirations for people without disabilities. Fourth, disabilities are defined as individual rather than social problems. Fifth, disabled persons in textbooks are mostly voiceless. No discussion was found regarding the worldview of disabled persons, and few discussions addressing the diversity and multiculturalism of disabled persons were noted.
Other
1.謝宗學(19970616)。殘障權利運動--中、美兩國經驗的比較(身心障礙者人權週系列座談會)，臺北：中華民國殘障聯盟。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.Zola, Irving K.(1993)。Self, Identity and the Naming Question: Reflections on the Language of Disability。Social Science and Medicine，36(2)，167-173。  new window
2.Shakespeare, Tom(1994)。Cultural Representation of Disabled People: Dustbins for Disavowal?。Disability and Society，9(3)，283-299。  new window
3.黃上育(20061200)。現行國小教科書中有關對身心障礙認識與接納內涵之初探。臺東特教，24，39-47。  延伸查詢new window
4.王國羽、呂朝賢(20041200)。世界衛生組織身心障礙人口定義概念之演進：兼論我國身心障礙人口定義系統問題與未來修正方向。社會政策與社會工作學刊，8(2)，193-235。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Liggett, H.(1988)。Stars are not born: an interpretive approach to the politics of disability。Disability and Society，3(3)，263-275。  new window
6.周月清(2005)。北歐智障者搬出「教養院」到社區居住與生活改革進程。臺灣社會福利學刊，4(1)，131-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.張恆豪(20070600)。特殊教育與障礙社會學：一個理論的反省。教育與社會研究，13，71-94。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Fine, Michelle、Asch, Adrienne(1988)。Disability Beyond Stigma: Social Interaction, Discrimination, and Activism。Journal of Social Issues，44(1)，3-21。  new window
9.Powell, Justin J. W.(2003)。Constructing disability and Social Inequality Early in the life Course: The Case of Special Education in Germany and the United States。Disability Studies Quarterly，23(2)，57-75。  new window
10.王育瑜(20040600)。障礙者與社區照顧：議題與觀點。社區發展季刊，106，230-236。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.張恆豪(20061000)。必也正名乎：關於障礙者正名與認同的反思。教育社會學通訊，71，3-7。  延伸查詢new window
12.Zola, Irving Kenneth(1985)。Depictions of Disability--Metaphor, Message and Medium in Media: A Research and Political Agenda。Social Science Journal，22(4)，5-17。  new window
13.Snyder, Sharon L.、Mitchell, David T.(2001)。Re-engaging the Body: Disability Studies and the Resistance to Embodiment。Public Culture，13(3)，367-389。  new window
14.Drake, Paul(1994)。The Elephant Man (David Lynch, EMI Films, 1980): An Analysis from a Disabled Perspective。Disability and Society，9(3)，327-342。  new window
15.黃源協(20000300)。社區照顧的理念基礎--正常化觀點的分析。東吳社會工作學報，6，1-34。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.游美惠(20000800)。內容分析、文本分析與論述分析在社會研究的運用。調查研究：方法與應用，8，5-42。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.黃源協。身心障礙福利的發展趨勢與內涵：國際觀點分析。社區發展季刊，104，324-342。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Ben-Moshe, Liat、Powell, Justin J. W.。Sign of Our Times? Revis(it)ing the International Symbol of Access。Disability and Society，22(5)，489-505。  new window
19.Brown, Steven E.。Personal Reflections on Disability Culture。Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal，1(1)，45-50。  new window
20.Brown, Steven E.。The Trouble with Inspiration。Breath & Shadow: A Journal of Disability Culture and Literature，3(5)。  new window
21.Chang, Heng-Hao。Social Change and the Disability Rights Movement in Taiwan: 1980-2002。The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal，3(1/ 2)，3-19。  new window
22.Erevelles, Nirmala。Understanding Curriculum as Normalizing Text: Disability Studies Meet Curriculum Theory。Journal of Curriculum Studies，37(4)，421-439。  new window
23.Gilson, Stephen French、Depoy, Elizabeth。Multiculturalism and Disability: A Critical Perspective。Disability and Society，15(2)，207-218。  new window
24.Gordon, Beth Omansky、Rosenblum, Karen E.。Bringing Disability into the Sociological Frame: A Comparison of Disability with Race, Sex, and Sexual Orientation Status。Disability and Society，16(1)，5-19。  new window
25.Hahn, Harlan。Advertising the Acceptable Employable Image: Disability and Capitalism。Policy Studies Journal，15(3)，551-570。  new window
26.Helldin, Rolf。Special Education Knowledge Seen as a Social Problem。Disability and Society，15(2)，247-270。  new window
27.Jakubowicz, Andrew、Meekosha, Helen。Bodies in Motion: Critical Issues between Disability Studies and Multicultural Studies。Journal of Intercultura Studies，23(3)，237-252。  new window
28.Jenkins, Richard(1991)。Disability and Stratification。British Journal of Sociology，42(4)，557-580。  new window
29.Johnson, John R.(2006)。Validation and Affirmation of Disability and Deaf Culture: A Content Analysis of Introductory Textbooks to Special Education and Exceptionality。Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal，2(1)，3-32。  new window
30.Johnson, John R.、Nieto, Jesús(2007)。Towards a Cultural Understanding of the Disability and Deaf Experience: Implications of a Content Analysis of Introductory Special and Multicultural Education Textbooks。Multicultural Perspectives，9(4)，32-39。  new window
31.Jolly, Debbie(2000)。A Critical Evaluation of the Contradictions for Disabled Workers Arising from the Emergence of the Flexible Labour Market in Britain。Disability and Society，15(5)，795-810。  new window
32.Pfeiffer, David(2004)。An Essay on the Beginnings of Disability Culture and Its Study。Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal，1(1)，45-50。  new window
33.Slee, Roger(1997)。Imported or Important Theory? Sociological Interogations of Disablment and Special Education。British Journal of Sociology of Education，18(3)，407-419。  new window
34.Tomlinson, Sally、Colquhoun, Robert F.(1995)。The Political Economy of Special Educational Needs in Britain。Disability and Society，10(2)，191-201。  new window
35.Watson, Nick(2002)。Well, I Know This Is Going to Sound Very Strange to You, but I Don't See Myself as a Disabled Person: Identity and Disability。Disability and Society，17(5)，509-527。  new window
會議論文
1.王國羽。缺了一角的臺灣社會研究：障礙經驗的社會學討論。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.陳惠萍(2003)。常體之外--「殘障」的身體社會學思考(碩士論文)。東海大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳亞彤。「自閉症」論述形成之探究：臺大自閉星雨社團服務經驗分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.曾凡慈。看見／看不見－視障學生的生活實體建構。  延伸查詢new window
4.Chang, Heng-Hao。The Disability Rights Movement in Taiwan: Modernity, Civil Society and Politics of Difference，Honolulu, HI。  new window
圖書
1.Fine, Michelle、Asch, Adrienne(1988)。Women with Disabilities: Essays in Psychology, Culture, and Politics。Philadelphia：Temple University Press。  new window
2.Foucault, Michel(1961)。Madness and Civilization : A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason。London：Routledge。  new window
3.Robillard, Albert B.(1999)。Meaning of a Disability: The Lived Experience of Paralysis。Philadelphia：Temple University Press。  new window
4.Tomlinson, Sally(1982)。The Sociology of Special Education。Beckenham：Coroom Helm。  new window
5.Winzer, Margret A.(1993)。The History of Special Education: From Isolation to Integration。Gallaudet University Press。  new window
6.Oliver, Michael(1990)。The Politics of Disablement: A Sociological Approach。New York。  new window
7.Scotch, Richard K.(2001)。From Good Will to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy。Philadelphia：Temple University Press。  new window
8.Goffman, Erving(1963)。Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey：Prentice-Hall。  new window
9.Shapiro, Joseph P.(1993)。No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement。New York, NY：Three River Press。  new window
10.杏林子(2004)。俠風長流︰劉俠回憶錄。臺北：九歌。  延伸查詢new window
11.Young, Iris Marion(1990)。Justices and the politics of difference。Princeton University Press。  new window
12.周月清。障礙福利與社會工作。障礙福利與社會工作。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
13.林旭。寂靜之外：Beyond Silence。寂靜之外：Beyond Silence。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
14.莊佩珍。特殊教育的歷史背景。特殊教育導論。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
15.Babbie, Earl。研究方法：基礎理論與技巧。研究方法：基礎理論與技巧。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
16.Barnes, Colin、Mercer, Geof。Disability。Disability。Cambridge, UK。  new window
17.Disability Studies Today。Disability Studies Today。Cambridge, UK。  new window
18.Barnes, Colin。Disabling Imagery and the Media: An Exploration of the Principles for Media Representations of Disabled People。Disabling Imagery and the Media: An Exploration of the Principles for Media Representations of Disabled People。Belper, Derbyshire, UK。  new window
19.Brown, Steven E.。Movie Stars and Sensuous Scars: Essays on the Journey from Disability Shame to Disability Pride。Movie Stars and Sensuous Scars: Essays on the Journey from Disability Shame to Disability Pride。New York, NY。  new window
20.Goffman, Erving。Asylum: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Immates。Asylum: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Immates。New York, NY。  new window
21.Hevey, David。The Enfreakment of Photography。The Disability Studies Reader。New York, NY/ London, UK。  new window
22.Snyder, Sharon L.、Mitchell, David T.(2002)。Cultural Locations of Disability。Cultural Locations of Disability。Chicago, IL。  new window
23.南一書局(1998)。輔導活動，三上。輔導活動，三上。臺南。  延伸查詢new window
24.南一書局(2001)。國語，五上。國語，五上。臺南。  延伸查詢new window
25.南一書局(2002)。國語，六下。國語，六下。臺南。  延伸查詢new window
26.南一書局(2003)。健康與體育，五上。健康與體育，五上。臺南。  延伸查詢new window
27.南一書局(2004)。國語，三下。國語，三下。臺南。  延伸查詢new window
28.國立編譯館(1961)。國語，五下。國語，五下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
29.國立編譯館(1967)。國語，二下。國語，二下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
30.國立編譯館(1969)。生活與倫理，四上。生活與倫理，四上。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
31.國立編譯館(1970)。健康教育，六下。健康教育，六下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
32.國立編譯館(1979)。生活與倫理，六下。生活與倫理，六下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
33.國立編譯館(1983)。國語，六上。國語，六上。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
34.國立編譯館(1988)。健康教育，六上。健康教育，六上。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
35.國立編譯館(1991)。健康教育，五下。健康教育，五下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
36.國立編譯館(1991)。生活與倫理，五下。生活與倫理，五下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
37.國立編譯館(1998)。社會，三下。社會，三下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
38.國立編譯館(2000)。社會，四下。社會，四下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
39.康軒文教事業(1998)。國語，二下。國語，二下。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
40.康軒文教事業(1999)。國語，四上。國語，四上。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.孫一信(20061130)。媒體正在複製閱聽大眾對身心障礙者的歧視，http://www.newscatcher.org.tw/02-list.php?sn=33&type=watch。  延伸查詢new window
2.內政部統計處。內政統計通報：歷年身心障礙者人數統計。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie(2001)。Seeing the Disabled: Visual Rhetorics of Disability in Popular Photography。The new disability history: American perspectives。New York, NY：New York University Press。  new window
2.Stone, Emma(1999)。Modern Slogan, Ancient Script: Impairment and Disability in the Chinese Language。Disability Discourse。Buckingham：Open University Press。  new window
3.Shakespeare, Tom(1999)。Art and Lies? Representations of Disability on Film。Disability Discourse。Buckingham：Open University Press。  new window
4.Longmore, Paul K.(1997)。Conspicuous Contribution and American Cultural Dilemmas: Telethon Rituals of Cleansing and Renewal。The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability。Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press。  new window
5.Davis, Lennard J.(1997)。Constructing Normalcy: The Bell Curve, the Novel, and the Invention of the Disabled Body in the Nineteenth Century。The Disability Studies Reader。Routledge。  new window
6.Oliver, Michael(1997)。Emancipatory Research: Realistic Goal or Impossible Dream?。Doing Disability Research。The Disability Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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