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題名：清初耶穌會士衛方濟的人罪說與聖治論
書刊名：新史學
作者：潘鳳娟 引用關係
作者(外文)：Pan, Feng-chuan
出版日期：2012
卷期：23:1
頁次：頁9-55
主題關鍵詞：衛方濟；人罪至重；聖治；中國禮儀；倫理；Franąois Noël；Sin；Saintly governance；Chinese rites；Morality
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本文探討清初耶穌會士衛方濟（François Noël, 1651-1729）《人罪至重》一書中的人罪說與聖治論。與艾儒略（Giulio Aleni, 1582-1649）的《滌罪正規》一書所言之「滌於已犯之後」相為表裡，《人罪至重》一書目的在於「警人遠罪」與「禁於未犯之先」。不同於前書之側重罪的解除方法與禮儀實踐層面，衛方濟則是指出人罪的根源性，主張「修德必先遠罪」，使其罪論與中國修身觀接軌。在此根基之上，衛方濟暢論「聖治」為「天主、人、己」三角的和諧倫理關係為除罪後之「仁義」圓滿狀態。觀諸衛方濟後來出版的經典翻譯，呈現了從形上學式的論述到以禮儀為核心的倫理實踐式的轉變，作為其名下首見的《人罪至重》一書，內容已可約略看出這一趨向。此外，如果我們從明清之際中國天主教社群的告解儀式已經趨向形式化與機械化，以及同時期中國社會之懺悔氛圍的變遷脈絡來觀察，衛方濟在《人罪至重》一書中主張結合仁義兩端，強調心與禮並重，以求聖治之圓滿達成，在某種程度上，可以視為一種亂世中回歸古典與追溯本源的舉動。
This article explores the questions of sin and repentance as understood by the early Qing Jesuit François Noël (1651-1729) and presented in his book Renzui zhizhong (人罪至重, The Extreme Gravity of Human Sin). Unlike the book Dizui zhenggui (滌罪正規, Correct Rules Regarding the Sacrament of Penance, 1627) by Giulio Aleni, which emphasizes the absolution of sin and the practice of rites, Noël's book focuses on the origin or cause of sin. But like two sides of the same coin, Aleni's Dizui zhenggui speaks of "absolution after committing sin," whereas Renzui zhizhong aims at "warning against sin" and "prevention before committing sin." It contends that, "in order to acquire virtues, one must first keep away from sin." Noël's view allows the concept of sin to be linked with the Chineseteaching of xiushen (修身, self-cultivation). It further elaborates on the order of morality as the condition for the fulfillment of saintly governance, viz., the harmony of the triangular relationship between the Lord of Heaven, Others, and Self. The most well-known of Noël's works are his translations of the Chinese classics and his works on Chinese rites and philosophy. This book, which is the sole work written in Chinese under Noël's name, deals instead with the idea of sin. It is evident that the shift from a metaphysical mode of discourse to a moral and pragmatic one, which is obvious in his later translations, is already hinted at in this book. Furthermore, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the rites of confession practiced by the Catholic community in China had gradually become formalistic and mechanical; at the same time, a change also occurred in the penitential ethos in Chinese society. In this book, Noël stresses that "benevolence" (ren 仁) and "righteousness" (yi 義) are the two poles, and the unity of "heart" (xin 心) and "ceremony" (li 禮) are the condition for the consummation of saintly governance. This can be seen as an act ofreturning to the classics and to origins in times of chaos.
期刊論文
1.潘鳳娟(20091200)。皇帝的孝道：法籍耶穌會士韓國英譯介《御製定孝經衍義》初探。漢語基督教學術論評，8，147-187。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.潘鳳娟(20070900)。無神論乎？自然神學乎？中國禮儀之爭期間龍華民與萊布尼茲有關中國哲學的詮釋與再詮釋。道風--基督教文化評論，27，51-77。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.潘鳳娟(20100300)。衛方濟的經典翻譯與中國書寫：文獻介紹。編譯論叢，3(1)，189-212。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.鍾鳴旦(19931000)。罪、罪感與中國文化。神學論集，97，335-362。  延伸查詢new window
5.韓思藝(20101100)。「罪」與「過」論述的會通--以《七克》與《人譜》為例。哲學與文化，37(11)=438，87-105。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.潘鳳娟(20100700)。中國禮儀之爭脈絡中的孝道：衛方濟與《孝經》翻譯初探。道風，33，67-95。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.祝平一(19960600)。身體、靈魂與天主：明末清初西學中的人體生理知識。新史學，7(2)，47-98。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.潘鳳娟(20111200)。郊社之禮，所以事上帝也：理雅各與比較宗教脈絡中的《孝經》翻譯。漢語基督教學術論評，12，129-158。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.王汎森(19930700)。明末清初的人譜與省過會。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊，63(3)，679-712。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.王汎森(19970600)。清初思想趨向與《劉子節要》--兼論清初蕺山學派的分裂。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊，68(2)，417-448。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.王汎森(19970900)。清初的講經會。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊，68(3)，503-588。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.潘鳳娟(2008)。從「西學」到「漢學」--中國耶稣會與歐洲漢學。漢學研究通訊，27(2)，14-26。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.黃瑞成(2004)。懺悔釋義。宗教學研究，1，85-91。  延伸查詢new window
14.Mungello, D. E.(1979)。Some Recent Studies on the Influence of Chinese and Western Intellectual History。Journal of the History of Ideas，40(4)，649-661。  new window
15.Wu, Pei-Yi(1979)。Self-Examination and Confession of Sins ia Traditional China。Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies，39(1)，5-38。  new window
會議論文
1.Mungello, David E.(1983)。The First Complete Translation of the Confucian Four Books in the West。International Symposium on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in Commemoration of the 400th Anniversary of the Arrival of Matteo Ricci, S.J. in China。Taipei：Fu-Jen Catholic University。516-539。  new window
2.潘鳳娟(2001)。文化交流史的一個新觀點--從晚明天主教士人李九功論天人關係談起。臺北。260-296。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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7.Lippiello, Tizianz、Roman, Malek(1997)。"Scholar from the West" : Giulio Aleni S. J. (1582-1649) and the Dialogue Between Christianity and China。Brescia, Sankt Augustin：Foundazione Civiltà Bresciana, Institut Monumenta Serica。  new window
8.Dehergne, Joseph(1973)。Répertoire des Jésuites de Chine de 1552 à 1800。Roma：Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu。  new window
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11.劉宗周(1971)。人譜類記。臺北：廣文書局。  延伸查詢new window
12.潘鳳娟(2002)。西來孔子艾儒略：更新變化的宗教會遇：本地化？文化交流？宗教對話？。臺北：基督教橄欖基金會。  延伸查詢new window
13.Lundbæk, Knud(1991)。Joseph de Prémare (1666-1736), S.J.: Chinese Philology and Figurism。Aarhus：Aarhus University Press。  new window
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16.Pfister, Louis Aloys、馮承鈞(1995)。在華耶穌會士列傳及書目。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
17.徐昌治(1984)。聖朝破邪集。京都：中文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
18.包筠雅、杜正貞、張林、趙世瑜(199909)。功過格：明清社會的道徳秩序。杭州：浙江人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
19.輔仁神學著作編譯會(1996)。神學辭典。臺北：光啟出版社。  延伸查詢new window
20.Brokaw, Cynthia J.(1991)。The Ledgers of Merit and Demerit: Social Change and Moral Order in Late Imperial China。Princeton University Press。  new window
21.Pfister, Louis Aloys(1932)。Notices biographiques et bibliographiques sur les Jésuites de l'ancienne mission de Chine, 1552-1773。Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique。  new window
22.黃進興(2001)。聖賢與聖徒：歷史與宗教論文集。臺北：允晨文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.張灝(1989)。幽暗意識與民主傳統。聯經出版事業公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.呂妙芬(20030000)。陽明學士人社群：歷史、思想與實踐。臺北：中央研究院近代史研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.林月惠(20050000)。良知學的轉折：聶雙江與羅念菴思想之研究。臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.黃進興(19940000)。優入聖域：權力、信仰與正當性。臺北：允晨文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.呂妙芬(20110000)。孝治天下：《孝經》與近世中國的政治與文化。臺北：中央研究院。new window  延伸查詢new window
28.王豐肅(2002)。天主教要。耶穌會羅馬檔案館明清天主教文獻。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
29.(2009)。十誡原本 ; 天主十誡 ; 十誡本意。法國國家圖書館明清天主教文獻。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
30.葉向高(1994)。蒼霞餘草。蒼霞草全集。南京。  延伸查詢new window
31.衛方濟(1873)。人罪至重。上海。  延伸查詢new window
32.龍華民(2009)。死說。法國國家圖書館明清天主教文獻。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
33.中國主教團秘書處(1992)。天主教法典。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
34.李文潮、李文潮、波塞爾(2002)。萊布尼茨與中國。北京。  延伸查詢new window
35.李九標。口鐸日抄。  延伸查詢new window
36.吳宗文、聖奧斯定。天主之城。; \url\http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120119.htm。  延伸查詢new window
37.陽瑪諾。天主聖教十誡直詮。香港天主教區網站之古籍影像。  延伸查詢new window
38.利瑪竇(2002)。聖經約錄。耶穌會羅馬檔案館明清天主教文獻。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
39.侯景文、依納爵(1990)。神操。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
40.鄭德第、朱靜、耿昇、呂一民、杜赫德、Noël, François(2001)。耶穌會士中國書簡集，第1冊。鄭州。  延伸查詢new window
41.Noël, François(1711)。Philosophia sinica。  new window
42.Noël,François(1684)。Observationes mathematicae et physicae in India et China... ab anno 1684 usque ad annum 1708。  new window
43.Noël, François(1711)。Historica notitia Rituum et Ceremoniarum Sinicarum In colendis Parentibus ac benefactoribus Defunctis。  new window
44.Noël, François(1702)。Mémoire sur l'état de la Mission de Chine en 1702, in Lettres édifiantes et curieuses écrites des missions étrangères, vol.3。  new window
45.Leibniz, G. W.、Wenchao, Li、Poser, Hans(2002)。Discours sur la théologie naturelle des Chinois。Frankfurt am Main。  new window
46.Noël, François(1784)。Les Livres classiques de l'empire de la Chine, précédés d'observations sur l'origine, la nature et les effets de la philosophie morale et politique dans cet empire par l'abbé Pluquet。Paris。  new window
47.Standaert, Nicolas、Dudink, Ad(2006)。Forgive Us Our Sins: Confession in Late Ming and Early Qing China。Nettetal。  new window
48.Standaert, Nicolas(2001)。Handbook of Christianity in China, 635-1800。Leiden：Brill。  new window
49.Waterworth, J.(1848)。The Council of Trent: The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and Oecumenical Council of Trent。London：Dolman。  new window
50.Wu, Pei-Yi(1990)。The Confucian Progress: the Autobiographical Writings in Traditional China. Princeton。New Jersey。  new window
51.Brockey, Liam Matthew。Illuminating the Shades of Sin: The Society of Jesus and Confession in Seventeenth-Century China。  new window
52.Ching, Julia、Oxtoby, W. (trans.、eds.)(1992)。Moral Enlightenment: Leibniz and Wolff on China。Nettal。  new window
53.Löwith, Karl(1949)。Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History。Chicago。  new window
54.Li, Wenchao、Hans, Poser(2000)。Das Neueste Über China: G. W. Leibnizens Novissima Sinica von 1697。Stuttgart。  new window
55.朱宗元。天主聖教十誡直詮序。天主聖教十誡直詮。  延伸查詢new window
56.衛方濟。信經引義。百年宗教書目。  延伸查詢new window
57.Menegon, E.(2006)。Deliver Us from Evil: Confession and Salvation in Seventeenth-and Eighteenth-Century Chinese Catholicism。Forgive Us Our Sins: Confession in Late Ming and Early Qing China。Nettetal。  new window
58.Pan, Feng-Chuan(2007)。The Interpretation and the re-interpretation of Chinese philosophy: Longobardo and Leibniz。A Lifelong Dedication to the China Mission: Essays presented in honor of Father Jeroom Heyndrickx, CICM, on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday and the 25th Anniversary of the F. Verbiest Institute K. U. Leuven。Leuven。  new window
其他
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圖書論文
1.Ztircher, E.(1990)。The Jesuit Mission in Fujian in Late Ming Times: Levels of Respones。Development and Decline of Fukien Provience in the 17th and 18th Centuries。Leiden：E.J. Brill。  new window
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3.艾儒略(1966)。三山論學記。天主教東傳文獻續編。台北：台灣學生書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.王汎森(19980000)。明末清初的一種道德嚴格主義。近世中國之傳統與蛻變：劉廣京院士七十五歲祝壽論文集。臺北：中央研究院近代史研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.艾儒略(2002)。性學觕述。耶穌會羅馬檔案館明清天主教文獻。臺北：臺北利氏學社。  延伸查詢new window
6.(2002)。天主教要。耶穌會羅馬檔案館明清天主教文獻。臺北：臺北利氏學社。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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