The purpose of this study was to investigate the current educational profession beliefs and stress among elementary school teachers in the field of health and physical education, as well as the relationship between their beliefs and stress. A self-constructed scale titled ”A Study on Educational Profession Beliefs and Stress among Elementary School Teachers in the Field of Health and Physical Education” was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on 341 teachers in the field of health and physical education from elementary schools all over the Taiwan area. The data extracted from the questionnaire were processed and analyzed with descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), one-way MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and canonical correlation analysis. The important conclusions derived included: First, the teachers generally feature high educational profession beliefs and low stress. Secondly, the teachers' educational profession beliefs and teacher stress slightly vary with teacher characteristics. Thirdly, a significant low correlation exists between teachers' professional beliefs and teacher stress. Teachers' professional beliefs have a significant influence on teacher stress. When teachers possess lower educational profession beliefs in terms of the two constructs: professional commitment and professional growth, they perceive higher stress from both their supervisors and teaching. Moreover, when teachers are equipped with lower educational profession beliefs in terms of professional identity, professional services, professional commitment, and professional ethics, they face higher teacher stress in each construct, with professional commitment being the most influential construct and peer pressure being the most affected one. As a whole, for elementary school teachers in the field of health and physical education, their educational profession beliefs and teacher stress are closely related to each another, while teachers' educational profession beliefs exert a significant influence on teacher stress.