儒家的學問重視人倫實踐。孝悌思想，乃人倫實踐核心觀念。然自民初以降，當代新儒學針對孝道問題的討論卻不多。本文擬藉由熊十力與徐復觀對孝治問題的爭論，思考在人倫的關係結構改變的社會情境當中，孝道的意義該當如何闡釋。首先，就熊十力批評「孝治派」的部份，指出其反對將孝道與政治意義相結合。並且藉由批判孝治派的「小康禮教」，逼顯其理想中的孔子「大道之學」，以為開創未來新格局的基礎。其次，就徐復觀與熊十力主張的異同處，指出兩人皆肯定孝道而反對孝治，然而對孔、孟如何看待孝道以及家庭制度的重要性，則有不同的看法。本文最後提出，當代的儒學當更積極參與社會。在社會中，以公民倫理為重點；家庭中，則以孝弟倫理為優先。共同營造一個讓人倫孝弟得以順遂表現，讓人性可以適當生長的社會環境。

Confucian emphasis on human relations Filial piety, brotherhood is the core of human relations practices. Early Republican era began, but rarely related discussions. By Xiong Shi-li and Xu Fu-guan's dispute concerning Governing by filial piety, this article will consider how to re-look at the meaning of filial piety in modern society. First, this paper points out Xiong Shi-li opposed to ＂filial piety＂ binding ＂Governing by filial piety＂ and mentioned Xiong emphasized ＂Confucius Datong knowledge.＂ Secondly, to explore Xiong Shi-li and Xu Fu-guan both similarities and differences. Finally, the article emphasizes Confucianism must be more actively involved in the establishment of civil society. I believe that we must create a make ＂human nature＂ can grow a normal social environment.