本研究旨在探討原住民與非原住民學童社會適應問題， 並比較來自於不同族別之 學童，其父母管教態度及社會適應是否有差異。研究者先從有關原住民、父母管教態度及學 童社會適應等文獻，探討相關概念、內涵，建立本研究之基本假設。在探討有關實證後，加 以歸納、分析，作為研究設計與編製測量工具之參考。為獲得所需的實證資料，本研究採問 卷調查法，搜集客觀的具體資料。 研究樣本為臺東縣國小五年級學童，共 503 名。問卷的 編製參考賴保禎先生所編製之「父母管教態度量表」，及路君約先生所編製「少年人格測驗 」中之「社會適應量表」加以編製而成。 資料搜集完成後，經編碼（ Coding ）並以個人電腦鍵入後，進行資料的登錄，運用社會科 學統計套裝軟體（ SPSS/PS ），來處理及分析資料， 依各變項的測量尺度，使用次數分配 、多元逐步迴歸、及路徑分析等統計方法，加以分析處理，得到下列的結論： 壹、影響父母管教的因素 從研究的結果中發現，族別、性別、父親職業地位及父母的教育程度，皆會影響到父母管教 的態度。 貳、父母管教態度與社會適應的關聯性 從研究的結果中得知，父母若持矛盾、拒絕、期待、紛歧、關注、溺愛的態度管教子女，則 會影響到子女社會適應的發展。 參、影響學童社會適應關聯性之因果機制 族別、性別、父親職業地位及父母的教育程度等背景變項，對學童的社會適應具有直接的關 聯，且背景變項也會透過父母管教態度（中介變項），對學童的社會發展產生間接的影響； 此外，族別、性別、父親職業地位及父母親的教育程度等變項，也會再透過父母的管教態度 ，兒而間接對學童的社會適應能力的發展有所影響。 最後，根據以上的研究結果提出建議，供學術研究人員、學校教師、相關行政人員作為參考 。

　　　　　This study explored the theory of parents rearing attitude and social adjustment by surveying the influence of race、 gender、 and social economics status (SES) of the aboriginal and non-aboriginal elementary students in Taitung County. Five hundred three valid samples were administered the elementary students' parents' rearing attitude questionnaire and social adjustment questionnaire, background and SES questionnaire. The results were analyzed based on the Pearson Productment Correlation、Multiple Regression Analysis and Path analysis. The following conclusions were reached: 1.Aboriginal parents were positively correlated to rear children using expectancy attitude, and aboriginal mothers were seldom using refuse attitude to rear children. 2.Father has more contradiction attitude to male children, but more concern attitude to female children. 3.Father's occupation status is higher, then more less to refuse children; if father's education degree is higher, then father has more concern to children; mother's education degree is higher, then mother has more expectancy to rear children. 4.Parents used the contradiction、 refuse、 expectancy、 diversity、concern、and pampering attitude to rear their children, they will effect children's development of social adjustment. 5.The background variables of race、 gender、 father's occupation status and parent's education degree has direct correlation to children's development of social adjustment, and background variable also make indirect effect to children's social adjustment through the parent's rearing attitude. 6.The variables of race、 gender、 parent's education degree and father's occupation status also has interaction to each other, and then through the variable of parent's rearing attitude has more effect to children's ability of social adjustment. The above research results and findings were for the reference of parents、 teachers、research and competent authorities.