:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:組織學習與智慧資本對創新績效之影響
作者:吳濟民
作者(外文):Chi-Min Wu
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:企業管理所
指導教授:李元墩
艾昌瑞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:組織學習學習導向創新績效智慧資本Organizational OrientationOrganizational LearningIntellectual CapitalInnovative Performance
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(7) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:31
有鑒於「知識」與「創新」已成為決定企業成敗之關鍵因素,企業如何透過組織學習與智慧資本來提昇創新績效遂為學術界與實務界關注之焦點。本研究基於知識基礎理論與組織學習理論,提出一個結合學習導向、組織學習、智慧資本與創新績效之理論模式,以台灣之新竹與南部科學園區之知識密集製造廠商為實證研究對象,經問卷調查後總回收了119份趨向於中小型新創高科技廠商之有效問卷,且進行結構模式方程式(SEM)分析來驗證研究假設,主要研究發現有六:(1)學習導向對組織學習與創新績效具有顯著正向影響;(2)組織學習對人力資本與體制資本具有顯著正向影響;(3)社會資本與網絡資本對組織學習具有顯著正向影響;(4)人力資本、網絡資本與體制資本分別對創新績效能產生顯著正向影響;(5)人力資本與體制資本分別為組織學習影響創新績效的重要中介變數;(6)次模式分析中,體制資本次模式之理論合理性最佳。綜言之,中小型之新創知識密集製造商除了須先建立學習導向外,更必須重視組織學習與智慧資本的關聯互動,以構成提昇創新績效的促動媒介,並藉此增進企業競爭力。
Knowledge and innovation have became the key factors about firms’ exist, so how to promote innovation by organizational learning and intellectual capital is what firms concerned. Based on knowledge-based theory and organizational learning theory, the study presented a conceptual framework of the interrelationships among learning orientation, organizational learning, intellectual capital, and innovative performance. The knowledge-intensive manufcture firms from Hsinchu Science Park and Southern Taiwan Science Park in Taiwan were selected as research objects, 119 valid questionnaires which property were tend to new high-tech firms of SMEs were collected, the results of empirical analysis by SEM showed that: (1) Learning orientation had a significant positive influence on organizational learning and innovative performance; (2) Organizational learning had a significant positive influence on human capital and institutional capital;(3) Social capital and network capital respectively respectively had a significant positive influence on organizational learning;(4) Human capital, network capital and institutional capital respectively had a significant positive influence on innovative performance;(5) Human capital and institutional capital respectively had a medium effect between organizational learning and innovative performance;(6) According to sub-model analysis we found institutional capital model’s fitness is the best. In short, new small and medium knowledge-intensive manufcture firms must construct learning orientation and emphasis the interaction between organizational learning and intellectual capital to promote innovative performance and firm’s competitiveness.
1.古永嘉(民85)。企業研究方法。第五版,台北市:華泰書局。
2.吳思華(民87)。知識流通對產業創新的影響。第七屆產業管理研討會論文集,台北:政治大學科技管理研究所,2-42。
3.李仁芳(民84)。7-ELEVEN 統一超商縱橫台灣—厚基組織論。台北市:遠流出版公司出版。
4.沈其泰、黃敏萍、鄭伯壎(民93)。團隊共享心智模式與知識分享行為:成員性格特質與性格相似性的調節效果。管理學報,21(5),553-570。new window
5.林妙雀(民94)。企業之智慧資本與分享組織文化對組織管理績效影響之實證研究。管理評論,24(1),55-81。
6.邱皓政(民92)。結構方程模式-LISREL的理論、技術與應用。台北市:雙葉書廊。
7.洪順慶、沈經洪(民92)。市場驅動的組織學習與新產品成奶岔鰜Y探討。管理學報,20(3),515-545。
8.張紹勳(民90)。研究方法。台中市:滄海書局。
9.蔡啟通(民86)。組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係。國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
10.Aiken, M., & Hage, J. (1971). The organic organization and innovation. Sociology, 5, 63-82.
11.Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organization. In B. M. Staw. & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 123-167.
12.Argyris, C. (1977). Double loop learning in organizations, Harvard Business Review, 55, 115-125.
13.Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1978). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. MA: Addison-Wesley.
14.Armbrecht, F. M., Ross, Jr., R. B., & Whitwell, G. E. (2001). Knowledge Management in Research and Development, Research Technology Management, 44(4), 28-48.
15.Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models, Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 16(1), 74-95.
16.Bajaria, H. J. (2000). Knowledge creation and management: inseparable twins, Total Quality Management, 11(4), 562-573.
17.Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (1999). The synergistic effect of market orientation learning organizational performance, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411-427.
18.Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
19.Barsky, N., & Marchant, G. (2000). The most valuable resource measuring and managing intellectual capital, Strategic Finance, 81(8), 58-62.
20.Bassi, L. J., & Van Buren, M. E. (1999). Valuing investment in intellectual capital, International Journal of Technology Management, 18(5), 414-432.
21.Bates, R., & Khasawneh, S. (2005). Organizational learning, learning climate and perceived innovation in Jordanian organizations. International Journal of Training and Development, 9(2). 96-109.
22.Betz, F. (1987). Strategic Technology Management, America: McGraw Hill Inc.
23.Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance: an empirical investigation, MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 169-196.
24.Bierly, P., & Chakrabarty, A. (1996). Generic knowledge strategies in the US pharmaceutical industry, Strategic Management Journal, 17, Winter Special Issue, 123-135.
25.Blau, P. M, & McKinley, W. (1979). Ideas, complexity and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 200-19.
26.Bohn, R. E. (1994). Measuring and managing technological knowledge, Sloan Management Review, 61-73.
27.Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual Capital: An Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models, Management Decision, 36(2), 63-76.
28.Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N. C., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999). The knowledge toolbox: A review of the tools available to measure the manage intangible resources, European Management Journal, 17(4), 391-402.


29.Bontis, N., Keow,W. C. C., & Richardson, S. (2000). Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85-100.
30.Brass, D., Galaskiewicz, J., Greve, H., & Tsai, W. (2004). Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multiple perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 795-817.
31.Brown S L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1998). Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos, Boston MA: Harvard Business School Press.
32.Burns, T., & Stalker G. M. (1961). The Management of Innovation. London: Tavistock.
33.Burt, S. (1992). Structural Holes: The social structure of competition, Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
34.Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T., & Zhao, Y. (2002). Learning orientation, firm innovation capability and firm performance, Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 515-524.
35.Carlucci, D., Marr, B., & Schiuma, G. (2003). The knowledge value chain: How intellectual capital impacts on business performance, International Journal of Technology Management, 27(6/7), 575-590..
36.Chacke, G. K. (1988). Technology Management-Application to Corporate Marketed and Military Missions, New York.
37.Cohen, M. D., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capability: Anew perspective on learning and innovation. Administration Science Quarterly, 35, pp.128-152.
38.Cohen, W. M. (1995). Empirical studies of innovative activity. In P. Stoneham (Ed.), Handbook of the economics of innovation and technological change: 182-264. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
39.Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W., & White, R. E. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution, Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 522-537.
40.Daft, R. L. (1978). A Dual-core Model of Organizational Innovation, Academy of Management Journal, 21, pp.193-210.
41.Daft, R. L., & Becker, S. W. (1978). The innovative organization. Elsevier, New York.
42.Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555-590.
43.Davenport, T. H., De long, D. W., & Beers, M. C. (1998). Successful Knowledge Management Projects, Sloan Management Review, Winter, 443-57.
44.Demsetz, H. (1991). The theory of the firm revisited. In Williamson and Winter (eds.) The Nature of the firm. New York: Oxford University Press. 159-178.
45.Dodgeson, M. (1993). Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literature. Organization Studies, 14(3): 375-394.
46.Dougherty, D., & Bowman, E. H. (1995). The effects of organizational downsizing of product innovation. California Management Review, 37(4), 28-44.
47.Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage, Academy of Management. 23(4), 660-679.
48.Dzinkowski, R. (2000). The measurement and management of intellectual capital, Management Accounting, 78(2), 32-36.
49.Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M. S. (1997). Intellectual Capital: Realizing your company’s true value by finding its hidden brainpower, Harper Business, New York, NY.
50.Fiol, C. M., & Lyles, M. A. (1985). Organizational Learning, Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 803-813.
51.Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.
52.Frankel, E. G. (1990). Management of technological change, Kluwer, New York.
53.Fulmer, R. M. (1994). A Model for Changing the Way Organizations Learn, Planning Review, 22(3), 20-24.
54.Garvin, D. A. (1993). Building a learning organization. Harvard Business Review, 3: 78-91.
55.Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective, Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214.

56.Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness, American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510.
57.Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-based theory of the firm, Strategy Management Journal, 17, 109-122.
58.Gupta, A. K., & Govindarajan, V. (2000). Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 473-496.
59.Guthrie, J. (2001). The management, measurement and the reporting of intellectual capital, Journal of intellectual capital, 2(1), 27-41.
60.Harrison, S., & Sullivan, Sr P. H. (2000). Profiting from intellectual capital: learning from leading companies, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 33-46.
61.Hedberg, B. (1981). How Organizations Learn and Unlearn'', in C. P. Wystrom and W. T. Starbuck (eds) Handbook of Organizational Design, 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
62.Henderson, R., & Cockburn, I. (1994). Measuring core competence? Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 63-84.
63.Huber, G. P. (1991). Organization Learning: The Contributing Process and the Literature. Organization Science, 2, 88-115.
64.Hult, G. T. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (1997). Global organizational learning capacity in purchasing: Construct and measurement, Journal of Business Research, 40(2), 97-111.
65.Hurley, R. F., & Hult, T. M. (1998). Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination, Journal of Marketing 62(3), pp.42-13.
66.Iansiti, M., & Clark, K. B. (1994). Integration & Dynamics Capability: Evidence from Product Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers. Industrial & Corporate Change, 3, 557-605.
67.Inkpen A. C., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2005). Social capital, network, and knowledge transfer, Academy Management Review, 30(1), 146-165.
68.Inkpen, A. C. (1998). Learning and knowledge acquisition through international strategic alliances. The Academy of Management Executive, 12(4), 69-80.
69.Johannessen, J. A., & Dolva, J. O. (1994). Competence and innovation: Identifying critical innovation factors. Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Change, 3(3), 209-222.

70.Kale, P., Singh, H., & Perlmutter, H. (2000). Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: building relational capital, Strategic Management Journal, 21, 217-237.
71.Kanter, R. M. (1988). When a thousand flowers bloom: structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organization. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 169-211.
72.Katila, R. (2002). New product search over time: pass ideas in their prime? Academy of Management Journal, 45, 995-1010.
73.Katila, R., & Ahuja, G. (2002). Something old, something new: a longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction, Academy of Management Journal, 45(8), 1183-1194.
74.Kilduff, M., & Tsai, W. (2003). Social networks and organizations. London: Sage.
75.Kim, D. H. (1993). The link between individual and organizational learning, Sloan Management Review, 35(1), pp.37-50.
76.Kim, T. Y., Oh, H. S., & Swaminathan, A. (2006). Framing interorganizational network change: a network inertia perspective, Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 704-720.
77.Kochhar, R., & David, P. (1996), Institutional Investors and Firm Innovation: A Test of Competing Hypotheses, Strategic Management Journal, 17, 73-84.
78.Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
79.Kostova, T., & Roth, K. (2003), Social Capital in Multinational Corporations and a Micro-Macro Model of its Formation, Academy of Management Review, 28 (2), pp 297-317.
80.Lado, A. A., & Wilson, M. C. (1994). Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective, Academy of Management Review, 19, 699-727.
81.Larson, A. (1992). Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings: a study of the governance of exchange relationship, Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 76-104.
82.Lee, K. C., Lee. S., & Kang, I. W. (2005). KMPI: measuring knowledge management performance, Information & Management, 42(3), 469-482.
83.Li, L. (2005). The effects of trust and shared vision on inward knowledge transfer in subsidiaries’ intra- and inter-organizational relationships, International Business Review, 14, 77-95.
84.Liebeskind, J. P. (1996). Knowledge, Strategy, and the Theory of the Firm, Strategic Management Journal, 17 (Special Issue), 93-107.
85.Lin, H. F., and Lee, G. G. (2005). Impact of organizational learning and knowledge management factors on e-business adoption, Management Decision, 43(2), 171-188.
86.Lyles, M. A. (1988). Learning Among Joint Venture Sophisticated Firms, Management International Review, Specical Issue, 85-97.
87.Lynn, B. E. (1998). Performance evaluation in the new economy: bringing the measurement and evaluation of intellectual capital into the Management Planning and Control System, International Journal of Technology Management, 16, 166-182.
88.MacNeil, C. M. (2004). Exploring the supervisor role as a facilitator of knowledge sharing in teams, Journal of European Industrial Training, 28(1), 93-102.
89.Mansfield, E. (1983). Technological Change and Market Structure: an Empirical Study. The American Economic Review, 73(2), 205-211.
90.March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and Exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
91.Marr, B., & Schiuma, G. (2001). Measuring and managing intellectual capital and knowledge assets in new economy organizations, in Bourne, M. (Ed.), Handbood of Performance Measurment, Gee, London.
92.Marr, B., Gupta, O., Pike, S., & Roos, G. (2003). Intellectual capital and knowledge management effectiveness, Management Decision, 41(8), 771-781.
93.Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. 1998. A New, More Power Method of Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 107-117.
94.Moran, P. (2005). Structural vs. relational embeddedness: social capital and managerial performance, Strategic Management Journal, 26, 1129-1151.
95.Moran, P. and Ghoshal, S. (1999). Markets, firms, and the process of economic development, Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 390-412.
96.Morgan, R. E., & Turnell, C. R. (2003). Market-based organizational learning and market performance gains, British Journal Management, 14, 255-274.
97.Moser, M. R. (1984). Achievement Recognition in a Research and Development Unit. Engineering Management International, 3, 49–55.
98.Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23, 242-266.
99.Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
100.Nevis, E.C., DiBella, A.J., & Gould, J.M. (1995). Understanding Organizations as Leaning Systems, Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 73-85.
101.Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation, Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37.
102.Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge creating company. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
103.Norman, R. (1985). Developing Capabilities for Organizational Learning, In Organizational Strategy and Change, Ed. Johannes M. Pennings, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
104.O’Dell, C. & Grayson, C. J. (1998). If Only We Knew What We Know: Identification and Transfer of Internal Best Practices, California Management Review, 40(3), 154-173.
105.Olson, E. M., Walker, O. C., & Rueker, R. W. (1995). Organizing for effective new product development: The moderating role of product innovativeness. Journal of Marketing, 59, 48-62.
106.Peter, T., & Waterman R. (1982). In search of excellence, Harper and Row, New York, N.Y.
107.Podolny, J., & Page, K. (1998). Network forms and organization, American Review of Sociology, 24, 57-76.
108.Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Inter-organizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116-145.
109.Prajogo, D. I., & Sohal, A. S. (2003). The relationship between TQM practices, quality performance, and innovation performance: an empirical examination. The International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 20(8/9), 901-918.
110.Prajogo, D. I., Power, D. J., & Sohal, A. S. (2004). The Role of Trading Partner Relationships in Determining Innovation Performance: An Empirical Examination, European Journal of Innovation Management, 7(3), pp.178-186.
111.Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling Alone: America''s Declining Social Capital, The Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
112.Real, J. C., Leal, A., & Roldan, J. L. (2006). Information technology as a determinant of organizational learning and technological distinctive competencies, Industrial Marketing Management, 35, 505-521.
113.Roos, G., & Roos, J. (1997). Measuring your company’s intellectual performance, Long Range Planning, 30(3). 413-426.
114.Roos, G., Roos, J., Edvinsson, L., & Dragonetti, N. C. (1997). Intellectual capital: navigating in the new business landscape, Macmillan Business, Houndsmil.
115.Rothaermel, F. T., & Deeds, D. L. (2004). Exploitation Alliances in Biotechnology: A System of New Product Development. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 201-221.
116.Rowley, T., Behrens, D., & Krachhardt, D. (2000). Redundant governance structures: an analysis of structure and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries, Strategic Management Journal, special issue 21, 369-386.
117.Russell, R. D. (1995). An investigation of some organizational correlates of corporate entrepreneurship: Toward a systems model of organizational innovation. Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Change, 4(4), 295-314.
118.Santos-Vijande, Maria Leticia, Maria Jose Sanzo-Pezre, Louis I. Alvarez-Gonzalez & Rodolfo Vazquez Casielles (2005). Organizational learning and market orientation: interface and effects on performance, Industrial Marketing Management, 34, 187-202.
119.Sarvary, M. (1999). Knowledge Management and Competition in the Consulting Industry, California Management Review, 41(2), winter, 95-107.
120.Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.


121.Scott, W. R. (1991). Unpacking Institutional Arguments in the New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio (eds.), 164-182, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
122.Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: the art and purpose of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
123.Sher, J., & Lee. C. (2004). Information technology as a facilitator for enhancing dynamic capabilities through knowledge management, Information & Management, 41, 933-945.
124.Sinkula, J. M. (1994). Market Information Processing and Organizational Learning, Journal of Marketing, 58, 35-45.
125.Sinkula, J. M., Baker, W. E., & Noordewier, T. (1997). A framework for market-based organizational learning: Linking values, knowledge, and behavior. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 25(4), 305-318.
126.Snell, S. A., Lepak, D. P., & Youndt, M. A. (1999). Management the architecture of intellectual capital: Implication for strategic human resource management, In M. A. Wright, L. D. Dyer, J. W. Boudreau, and G. T. Milkovich, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, supplement, 4, 175-193.
127.Snell, S. A., Youndt, M. A., & Wright, P. M. (1996). Establishing a framework for research in strategic human resource management: Merging resource theory and organizational learning, In J. Shaw, P. Kirkbride, and K. Rowland(Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 14, 61-90, Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.
128.Spender, J. C. (1996). Organizational knowledge, learning and memory:Three concepts in search of a theory, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 9, 63-79.
129.Stewart, P. P. (1998). Challenges and Opportunities in 1998-99, Management Accounting, 180(2), 6-14.
130.Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, New York:Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.
131.Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities, Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450-463.

132.Tippins, M. J., & Sohi, R. S. (2003). IT competency and firm performance: is organizational learnng a missing link? Strategic Management Journal, 24, 745-761.
133.Tsai, W. P. (2001). Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks: Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance, Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 996-1004.
134.Tsai, W. P. (2002). Social structure of “coopetition” within a multiunit organization: coordination, competition, and intraorganizational knowledge sharing, Organization Science, 13(2), 1179-190.
135.Tsai, W. P., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital and Value Creation: the Role of Intrarfirm Networks, Academy of Management Journal, 41, 464-476.
136.Tushman, M. L., & Nadler, D. A. (1986). Organizing for Innovation, California Management Review, 28(3), 74-92.
137.Van Aken, J. E., & Weggeman, H. P. (2000). Managing learning in informal innovation networks: overcoming the Daphne-dilemma, R&D Management, 30(2), 139-149.
138.Verona, G. (1999). A resource-based view of product development. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 132-142.
139.Walsh, J. P., & Ungson, G. R. (1991). Organizational Memory, Academy of Management Review, 16(January), 57-91.
140.Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
141.Wijnhoven, F. (2001). Acquiring Organization Learning Norms-A contingency Approach for Understanding Deutero Learning, Management Learning, 31(2), 181-200.
142.Winter, S. G. (1987). Knowledge and competence as strategic assets, in Teece, D. (ED.), The competitive challenge-Strategies for industrial innovation and renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, 159-184.
143.Wolfe, R. A. (1994). Organizational Innovation: Review, Critique and Suggested Research Innovation, Journal of Management Studies, 31(3), 405-430.
144.Yli-REnko, H., Autio, E., & Sapienza, H. J. (2001). Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms, Strategic Management Journal, 22, 587-613.
145.Youndt, M. A., Subramaniam, M., & Snell, S. A. (2004). Intellectual Capital Profiles: An Examination of Investments and Returns, Journal of Management Studies, 41(2), 335-361.
146.Zammuto, R. F., & O’Connor, E. J. (1992). Gaining advanced manufacturing technologies benefits: the role of organizational design and culture, Academy of Management Review, 17, 701-728.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE