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題名:發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持、親職壓力與賦權增能之相關研究
作者:張美雲 引用關係
作者(外文):Mei-Yun Chang
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育學系所
指導教授:林宏熾
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持親職壓力賦權增能Young children with developmental delayfamilysocial supportparenting stressempowerment
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  本研究旨在瞭解台灣地區發展遲緩兒童家庭的社會支持、親職壓力及賦權增能情形。本研究係依據內政部兒童局民國九十四年各縣市之發展遲緩兒童早期療育個案管理人數作為抽樣之母群,抽出250個家庭作為正式施測之樣本,最後蒐集到203份的有效問卷(81%)。所得資料以平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關、多元逐步迴歸及路徑分析等統計方法進行資料分析,得到下列之結果:
1.在發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持類型上,以獲得訊息支持為最多,獲得工具支持為最少;而在社會支持來源上,以獲得正式支持為最多。在親職壓力量表上,以困難兒童的壓力為最大,以親子互動失調的壓力為最小。在賦權增能之量表上,以賦予能力所獲得的分數為最高,社區參與所獲得的分數為最低。
2.不同主要照顧者、照顧者年齡、社經地位、經濟收入及子女數的家庭在某些社會支持之向度上達顯著差異;不同遲緩類別、社經地位及子女數的家庭在某些親職壓力之向度上達顯著差異;不同性別、年齡、主要照顧者、照顧者年齡及社經地位的家庭在某些賦權增能之向度中達顯著差異。
3.在發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持與親職壓力的相關分析上,發現「情緒支持」、「工具支持」及「支持類型」與親職壓力大多呈顯著之負相關。在親職壓力與賦權增能的相關分析上,發現大多呈顯著之負相關,只有在「社區參與」、「自我擁護」這兩個分量表中未達顯著相關。在社會支持與賦權增能的相關分析上,發現大多呈顯著之正相關,只有在「工具支持」之向度中,某些未達顯著相關。
4.在多元逐步回歸分析上,發現「情緒支持」、「正式支持」、「親職愁苦」、「工具支持」及「訊息支持」五個向度可以預測發展遲緩兒童家庭賦權增能43%的變異量,其中以「情緒支持」的預測量為最大。
5.在路徑分析上,發現「社經地位」、「支持來源」、「支持類型」及「親職壓力」等變項可以預測「賦權增能」,而「經濟收入」可以預測「支持類型」,「支持類型」可以預測「親職壓力」。
  The purpose of the research is to investigate the perceptions of social support, parenting stress, and empowerment in families of young children with developmental delay in Taiwan. A total of 250 questionnaires were issued and 203 cases (the response rate: 81%) were collected. Several statistical methods were used to analyze the data in this study, including mean and standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson Product-Moment correlations, stepwise multiple regression, and path analysis. The major findings are described as follows:
1. The respondents’ scores on the types of social support scale showed that “receiving information support” received the highest score, while the score for “instrumental support” was the lowest. On the resources of social support scale, the respondents perceived the most support from formal social supports. Further, the respondents’ scores on the parenting stress scale indicated that “having a difficult child” contributed to the most pressure on parents, whereas “dysfunctional parent-child interaction” contributed to the least. The respondents perceived that the “ability of enabling” received the highest mean score on the family empowerment scale, while the lowest mean score fell to the category of “community involvement”.
2.The levels of social supports had statistically significant differences among five predictor variables (namely, main caregiver, age of the caregiver, social economic status, family income and the number of children) in the family with developmentally delayed children. Some factors in the area of parenting stress had statistically significant differences among children with different levels of developmental delay, social economic status, and the number of children in the family. Some factors in the area of family empowerment had statistically significant differences among five predictor variables (i.e., gender, age, main caregiver, age of the caregiver, and social economic status).
3.The correlation results revealed that the majority of the negative correlation existed among emotional social support, instrumental social support, the type of social support and parenting stress. Moreover, most associations among factors in parenting stress and empowerment areas were also significantly negatively related, except for two subscales (i.e., community involvement and self-advocacy), which showed insignificant correlation. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the majority of the associations among factors in social support and empowerment areas were significantly positively correlated, except for some factors in the instrumental social support area.
4.The stepwise multiple regression results indicated that the five variables (i.e., emotional social support, formal social support, parenting distress, instrumental social support and informational social support) contributed to 43 percent variance of the levels of family empowerment. The majority of variances can be predicted by emotional social support.
5.The path analysis results showed that family empowerment can be significantly predicted by social economic status, the resources of social support, the types of social support, and parenting stress. Meanwhile, the types of social support can be predicted by family income. Parenting stress can be predicted by the types of social support.
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謝協君、何東墀、吳訓生(民94)。專科學生對肢體障礙同儕賦權狀況之研究。特殊教育學報,21,129-156。new window
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