The research into the military system is no doubt the hardest to put into the definite position and has the least fruition according to the classification and subsumption of the contemporary academics. The collapse of the military system of the late Qing Dynasty originated from the indulgence in the entertainment of the emperors and the government at loose ends, the inappropriate design of the military systems and the frequent outbreaks of the civil wars, resulting in the abrupt change of the military systems, on which the stability of the Qing Dynasty is based. This abrupt and radical change led to transference of the practical control of the military by the Mandarin people to the control of the Han people completely. From the historical viewpoint, the change is originally a makeshift, and in the gradual process, in which the temporary expediently organized local vigilantes forces became a national defense main troops, while guerrillas became regular armies, changed and even exchanged the political status between the Mandarin and Han people. More significantly this highlights the point that the research method by way of the traditional system is detrimental to the scrutiny of the complicated development of historical facts. In the radically turbulent times, the influences from the domain of people have more profound impact than the systems themselves. This research aims to give an introductory investigation of the prominent phenomenon that soldiers or troops were owned by generals themselves but not by government, and also the investigation of the process of this development in the late Qing Dynasty, when in the military systems the regular armies are replaced by civilians transferred vigilantes, and guerrillas. Further investigation is put on their subsequent influence on the political situations of the early Republic of China. In this research model, the investigation of the separate advantages and disadvantages of the military system are secondary to the main purpose, i.e. whether it has influenced the relationship between central and local governments in the initial period of the Republic and the northward military action to conquer the local warlords.