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題名：國小二年級兒童以圖像記錄自創音樂之案例研究
書刊名：育達人文社會學報
作者：林淑芳／林欣怡
作者(外文)：Lin, Schu-fang／Lin, Sing-yi
出版日期：2012
卷期：8
頁次：頁75-99
主題關鍵詞：自創圖譜；音樂創作；二年級兒童；Invented notation；Music composing；Second-grade children
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本文旨在描述兒童以自創圖譜記錄自己音樂創作的方式及其顯示之音樂思考，並探討自創圖譜對兒童的意義。本研究以國小二年級17位學生為對象，研究者在班上帶領音樂創作課程，並引導兒童自創圖譜記錄所創作的音樂。資料蒐集自: 音樂創作活動全程錄影與觀察記錄，創作成品與圖譜文件，研究對象、協同教師與專家之訪談記錄。本研究獲致結論: 一、兒童會運用多種表徵符號來記錄他們內在要表達的聲響。二、兒童自創記譜的焦點在音樂事件及其中的變化，其記譜顯示他們對所使用樂器音色、力度、及組織層面之重視。三、兒童以自創圖譜記錄其音樂創作不僅是創作成果之驗證，也是內在聽想能力之養成與兒童音樂理解和運用音樂素材能力的展現。依此，兒童自創圖譜也是統整與創造性的音樂藝術教育課程之實踐。
This study attempted to identify, describe components of invented notation to music composing by second-grade children. The subjects were 17 second grade students who were given multiple opportunities to compose and to notate their works in the context of their classroom. Data were gathered through consistent use of a video camera, the researcher’s observation and interview to the subjects, the class teacher and 3 professionals. The notations created by the subjects were also analyzed. Results of this study indicated: 1. children used icons, figures, pictures etc. to notate their music. 2. Children’s invented notation focused on musical events and their variations, they paid much attention to tone color and structure, too. 3. Invented notation served not only as a verification of composing outcome, but an expression of musical understanding and an ideal practice of interdisciplinary and creative curriculum of arts education.
期刊論文
1.林淑芳(20091200)。兒童音樂創造思考教學之研究--理論與實務。育達科大學報，21，91-119。  延伸查詢new window
2.Wiggins, J.(1994)。Children's strategies for solving compositional problems with peers。Journal of Research in Music Education，42(3)，232-252。  new window
3.Wiggins, J.(2000)。The nature of shared musical understanding and its role in empowering independent musical thinking。Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education，143，65-90。  new window
4.李萍娜(20101000)。幼兒自創音樂記錄之研究。藝術學報，6(2)=87，413-436。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.林淑芳(20110400)。發現音樂--大班兒童音樂創思之研究。藝術研究學報，4(1)，81-109。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Barrett, M.(1997)。Invented notation: a view of young children's musical thinking。Research Studies in Music Education，8，1-14。  new window
7.Davidson, L.、Scripp, L.、Welch, P.(1988)。Happy Birthday: Evidence for Conflicts of Perceptual Knowledge and Conceptual Understanding。Journal of Aesthetic Education，22(1)，65-74。  new window
8.Elkoshi, R.(2002)。An Investigation into Children's Responses through Drawing to Short Musical Fragments and Complete Compositions。Music Education Research，4(2)，200-211。  new window
9.Gromko, J. E.(1994)。Children's invented notation as measures of musical understanding。Psychology of Music and Music Education，22，136-147。  new window
10.Upitis, R.(1990)。Children's invented notations of familiar and unfamiliar melodies。Psychomusicology，9(1)，89-106。  new window
11.Barrett, M.(2002)。Invented notations and mediated memory: A case-study of two children's use of invented notations。Bulletin of the council for research in music education，153/154，55-62。  new window
圖書
1.Moorhead, G.、Pond, D.(1978)。Music for young children。Santa Barbara, CA：Pillsbury Foundation for the Advancement of Music Education。  new window
2.Paynter, John(1970)。Sound and Silence。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.布魯納、邵瑞珍(1996)。教育的歷程。台北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
4.Bamberger, J.(1991)。The Mind Behind the Musical Ear。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
5.Glover, J.(2000)。Children Composing 4-14。London：Routledge Falmer。  new window
6.Levi, R. G.(1991)。A field investigation of the composing processes used by second-grade children creating original language and music pieces。Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University。  new window
7.Orff, Carl(1976)。Schulwerk. Elementare Musik. Carl Orff und sein Werk. Dokumentation III。Tutzing：Schneider。  new window
8.Reitinger, R.(2008)。Musik erfinden. Kompositionen von Kindern als Ausdruck ihres musikalisen Vorstellungsvermögens。Regensburg：Conbrio。  new window
9.Upitis, R.(1990)。This, too, is music。Portsmouth：Heinemann Educational Books。  new window
10.Upitis, R.(1990)。Can I Play You My Song? The Compositions and Invented Notations of Children。New Hampshire：Heinemann。  new window
11.Burkholder, J. Peter、Grout, Donald、Palisca, Claude V.(2010)。A History of Western Music。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
12.陳向明(2008)。社會科學質的研究。臺北市：五南圖書。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Elliott, D. J.(1995)。Music matters: A new philosophy of music education。Oxford University Press。  new window
14.Lincoln, Yvonna S.、Guba, Egon G.(1985)。Naturalistic Inquiry。Sage。  new window
圖書論文
1.Dietrich, C.(1999)。Musikalisches Denken bei Kindern. Analyse kindlichen Improvisationsmaterials。Ästhetik der Kinder. Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur ästhetischen Erfahrung von Kindern。Frankfurt a. M.：GEP-Verlag。  new window
2.Casey, D. E.(1992)。Descriptive Research: Techniques and procedures。Handbook of research on music teaching and learning。New York：Schirmer Books。  new window
3.Gromko, J. E.(2003)。Children Composing: Inviting the Artful Narrative。Why and How to Teach Music Composition. A New Horizon for Music Education。Reston, VA：MENC。  new window
4.Schmitt, R.(2002)。Musik erfinden。Handbuch des Musikunterrichts。Kassel Bärenreiter。  new window
5.Webster, P. R.(1987)。Conceptual basses for creative thinking in music。Music and child development。New York：Springer。  new window
6.Davidson, L.、Scripp, L.(1988)。Young children's musical representations: Windows on music cognition。Generative processes in music: The psychology of performance, improvisation, and composition。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Webster, P. R.(2002)。Creative Thinking in Music: Advancing a Model。Creativity and Music Education。Edmonton, Alberta：Canadian Music Educators' Association。  new window
 
 
 
 
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