:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:國小教師對九年一貫課程之變革關注及其影響因素研究
作者:王振鴻
作者(外文):Cheng-Hung Wang
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:吳靜吉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2000
主題關鍵詞:變革關注轉型領導教與學的導向學校目標結構創新行為concern for changeTransformational LeadershipApproaches to teaching and learningSchool Goal StructureInnovative behavior
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(23) 博士論文(22) 專書(3) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:23
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:107
  本研究主要目的在:瞭解國小教師對九年一貫課程之變革關注現況;分析國小教師不同背景變項對九年一貫課程變革關注的關係;探討國小教師教學創新行為、教與學的導向、學校目標結構、校長轉型領導對九年一貫課程之變革關注的關係;比較九年一貫課程試辦學校與非試辦學校教師對這項變革關注的差異;根據研究結果提出建議,作為推動九年一貫課程變革之參考。
本研究以台灣地區公立國民小學教師為抽樣範圍,對象包括九年一貫課程試辦學校及非試辦學校教師,有效樣本分別為544人及281人,合計825位教師。使用的研究工具包括「教師教學創新行為量表」、「教師教與學的導向量表」、「學校目標結構量表」、「校長轉型領導量表」及「教師變革關注量表」。所蒐集資料使用SPSS for window 6.1版套裝程式進行統計分析,使用統計方法計有:次數分配、信度分析、多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析及典型相關分析。
本研究的主要結果如下:
一、試辦學校與非試辦學校,贊同九年一貫課程變革的教師各均佔六成左右,各有三成左右的教師傾向不贊同,其中試辦學校未參與實驗的教師持不贊同看法者約佔五成左右。
二、目前國小教師,不論是否參與九年一貫課程實驗工作,對九年一貫課程之變革最關注「角色任務」。
三、試辦學校參與實驗工作、未參與實驗與非試辦學校教師對變革關注有顯著差異。試辦學校參與實驗的教師在變革關注各向度上均高於非試辦學校教師。未參與實驗的教師關注「執行壓力」較高。
四、參與實驗教師性別、教育背景、服務年資、任教年段、進修情況以及對這項變革的看法不同對變革關注有顯著差異;惟其擔任職務、學校地區、學校規模、班級規模不同對變革關注並無顯著差異。
五、參與實驗的教師教學創新行為、學習導向的教與學傾向與變革關注之積極層面呈正相關,表現導向的教與學與變革關注之積極層面呈負相關。
六、參與實驗的教師知覺校長轉型領導、學校成就目標與變革關注之積極層面呈正相關。
七、教師教學創新行為、教與學的導向、學校目標結構、校長轉型領導與教師變革關注有顯著的典型相關。
八、非試辦學校教師性別、職務、參加九年一貫課程研習時數對這項變革看法不同對變革關注有顯著差異。
九、就參與實驗的教師及非試辦學校教師而言,教師對變革的關注與其對個人教學價值、信念及學校情境因素有關。教師教學創新行為及學習導向的教與學傾向高的教師易於接受這項變革。在學校情境因素方面,對參與實驗的教師而言,學校重視成就目標及校長展現轉型領導的風格是有助於落實變革的情境因素;對非試辦學校教師而言,除上述學校情境因素外,學校重視競爭目標,亦有助於變革的實施。易於接受這項變革的教師在有利於變革實施的情境因素下,其對變革準備度較佳。
十、對試辦學校未參與實驗的教師而言,教師對變革之關注與其個人教學價值及信念有關,也因其性別及對變革看法不同而有差異,而與學校背景因素、目標結構及校長轉型領導無關。教師教學創新行為及學習導向的教與學傾向高的教師對九年一貫課程之變革會表現較積極的關注。
本研究針對上述發現加以討論,並對教育行政機關、國民小學、教師個人及未來研究提出若干具體建議,以供參
Abstract
Following a decision by the Ministry of Education, all elementary schools and junior high schools in Taiwan will implement a new curriculum in 2001.
This decision was preceded by a study in the year 2000 in which one hundred and twenty eight elementary schools were selected to experiment with the new curriculum. The purpose of the study, based on the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), was to understand how teachers'''' demographical and psychological characteristics determined their degree of concern with the changeover.
Eight hundred and twenty five elementary school teachers, five hundred and forty four of them had participated in the experiment, were administered the following standard instruments: Innovative Behavior Scale, Approaches to Teaching and Learning, Perceptions of the School Goal Structure for Teachers, Transformational Leadership Questionnaire and Concern for Change Questionnaire.
In a revised additional questionnaire four concern factors, Role Requirements, Implementation Pressure, Cooperation and Implementation and Refocusing were employed to specifically measure the teachers’ attitude towards curriculum changes.
The major findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
1. Of the four concern factors, the "Role Requirements" issue was most important for the teachers overall.
2. Teachers who participated in the experiment were significantly more concerned with Cooperation and Implementation and Refocusing but less so with Implementation Pressure and Role Requirements compared to teachers who did not participate.
3. Within the group of teachers involved in the experiment concern with Cooperation and Implementation, Refocusing, Role Requirements was stronger while concern with Implementation Pressure was weaker, the more innovative in teaching behavior and task-focused in their approaches to teaching and earning they were.
4. Those teachers who had received more hours of professional development and who were more positive toward educational reform showed more concern for Refocusing and Cooperation and Implementation.
5. The more teachers perceived their principals to exhibit transformational leadership, the more they were concerned with Cooperation and Implementation and Refocusing.
6. Teachers who perceived the school structure to emphasize accomplishment were more likely to be concerned with Cooperation and Implementation, Refocusing and Role Requirement but less with Implementation Pressure. In contrast, teachers who believed that the school valued power and competition among were also more likely to be concerned with Implementation Pressure.
7. Both school and class sizes had no impact on attitudes towards curriculum faim change.
8. Significant correlation between sex, educational background, years of teaching and adaptability to change wore found:
- female teachers scored significantly higher than males on the concern scale for the Role Requirements and Implementation Pressure factors.
- teachers who had had eleven to twenty years of teaching experience rated highest on Cooperation and Implementation, while those with more than thirty years were most worried about Cooperation and Implementation and but less with their Role Requirement.
The patterns of statistical relation were basically true for those teachers who actually participated in the experitment and those who did not.
參考文獻
壹、中文部份
王正銘(民86)。一所體制內小學進行課程改革實驗的歷程。國立新竹師範學院國民教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
王茂宜、高熏芳(民84)。關切階層量表在教學科技創新推廣上的應用。視聽教育月刊,37(1),5-13。
王振鴻(民78)。國中校長領導型式、教師同理心與教師衝突反應方式關係之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
王敏曄(民86)。教師對學生創意表現、創造力之歸因及其相關因素之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
王淵智(民84)。屏東縣山地合併小學的組織文化。國立屏東師範學院初等教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
丘昌泰(民86)。當代政策科學理論之研究。臺北市:巨流圖書。
伍國雄、鄭燕祥(1993)。教師對學校變革態度之研究。教育學報,21(1),香港中文大學教育學院。new window
伍國雄、鄭燕祥(1995)。學校組織變革的研究路向及策略。教育研究學報,10(1),73-93。香港教育研究學會。
行政院教育改革審議委員會(民85)。教育改革總諮議報告書。臺北市:行政院教育改革審議委員會。
吳清山(民87)。跨世紀國民教育改造工程-從「發展小班教學精神計畫」談師資培育因應策略。中華民國師範教育學會八十七年度學術研討會。臺北市:中華民國師範教育學會。new window
吳靜吉、王文中、郭俊賢、陳淑惠、李慧賢(民85)。「我的老師」問卷之修訂。未出版。
吳靜吉、王振鴻、林偉文(民89)。教師變革關注量表之修訂。未出版。
吳靜吉、王振鴻、林偉文、陳嘉成(民89a)。教師教與學的導向量表之修訂。未出版。
吳靜吉、王振鴻、林偉文、陳嘉成(民89b)。學校目標結構量表之修訂。未出版。
吳壁如(民79)。國民小學組織文化與組織效能關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
呂正雄(民87)。FULLER教學關注理論與實證應用之研究。載於八十六學年度教育學術研討會論文集。花蓮:國立花蓮師範學院。
呂正雄、王立行(民83)。教育革新:改善國民小學教育之方案研究。臺北市:五南圖書出版公司。
李子建、黃顯華著(民85)。課程:範式、取向和設計。臺北市:五南圖書出版公司。
李新鄉(民83)。國小教師教育專業承諾及其相關因素之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版博士論文。new window
李慧賢(民85)。原住民學生創造力發展及其相關因素之研究-年級、性別、教師教學創新行為、父母教養態度、社會支持與創意經驗、創造思考能力之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
邱武科(民81)。生活與倫理革新課程實施之研究。國立台灣師範大學未出版碩士論文。
沈翠蓮(民83)。國民小學教師專業成長、教學承諾與學校效能關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
林生傳(民88)。九年一貫課程與教學創新。載於中華民國教材研究發展學會主編:課程研討會論文集。臺北市:中華民國教材研究發展學會。
林合懋(民84)。學校主管與企業主管轉型領導之比較研究。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
林珈夙(民86)。校長領導風格、教師創意生活經驗、教學創新行為與學校效能之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
卓秀冬(民84)。台灣省高級中等學校組織文化與組織效能之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版博士論文。new window
胡峻豪等譯(民84)。教師臨床視導的技巧。臺北市:五南圖書出版公司。
姚志文(民84)。迎接挑戰、悅納開放,開創教育的新希望。鄧運林編:開放教育新探索,739-752。高雄市:復文。
秦夢群、濮世偉(民87)。國小校長轉型領導、交易領導、教師制握信念與教師職業倦怠之研究。國立政治大學學報,77,73-110。
高熏芳(民82a)。以統整的觀點看科技創新在教育上的實施。教學科技與媒體,9,39-44。new window
高熏芳(民82b)。從「顧慮階段」的發展看教師的學習成長。視聽教育雙月刊,34(5),39-44。
徐鶯娟(民83)。國民小學教師成就動機、參與決定與其工作投入關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
陳淑嬌(民78)。國民中學校長領導形式、教師工作投入與組織效能關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
陳嘉成、吳靜吉、余民寧、林偉文(民88)。動機氣候量表的修訂結果及其應用含意。發表於1999年10月21-24日,中國大陸杭州:浙江大學「第四屆海峽兩岸心理與教育測驗學術研討會」。
張俊紳(民86)。國民小學教師教學效能之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系未出版博士論文。
郭騰淵(民80)。國中教師工作價值觀、角色壓力與工作投入關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
張品茗(民84)。高雄地區國民小學教師組織文化知覺、學校環境特性與教師組織承諾程度關係之研究。國立台南師範學院初等教育研究未出版碩士論文。
張春興(民81)。現代心理學。臺北市:東華書局。
張春興、楊國樞(民69)。心理學。臺北市:三民書局。
張善培(1998)。課程實施程度的測量。教育學報,26(1),149-170。香港中文大學出版社。new window
張潤書(民77)。組織行為與管理。台北:五南圖書出版公司。
張慶勳(民85)。國小轉化、互易領導影響學校組織文化特性與組織效能之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系未出版博士論文。new window
教育部(民84)。中華民國教育報告書-邁向二十一世紀的教育遠景。臺北市:教育部。
教育部(民87a)。邁向學習社會。臺北市:教育部。
教育部(民87b)。國民教育階段九年一貫課程總綱綱要。臺北市:教育部。
教育部(民88)。攜手共創國教課程新貌。臺北市:教育部。
陳伯璋(民88)。九年一貫新課程綱要修訂的背景及內涵。教育研究資訊,7(1),1-13。new window
陳昭儀(民81)。我國傑出發明家之人格特質、創造歷程及生涯發展之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所未出版碩士論文。new window
陳淑惠(民85)。台灣地區學生創造力發展及其相關因素之研究-年級、性別、教師教學創新行為、父母教養態度、社會支持與創意經驗、創造思考力之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
陳聖謨(民84)。高級中學組織文化與教師教學承諾關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系未出版碩士論文。
陳慧芬(民86)。國民小學組織文化之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所未出版博士論文。
黃光雄、蔡清田(民88)。課程設計-理論與實際。臺北市:五南圖書出版公司。
黃政傑(民82)。教育的生路。臺北市:師大書苑。
黃政傑(民86)。課程改革的理念與實踐。臺北市:漢文。new window
黃政傑(民78)。課程改革(二版)。臺北市:漢文。
黃政傑(民88)。課程改革。臺北市:漢文。
彭昌盛(民82)。轉換型領導理論及其應用之研究。國立政治大學公共行政研究所未出版碩士論文。
彭震球(民84)。自覺性的創造構造。創造思考教育,7,7-19。
楊益風(民88)。九年一貫課程與教學革新。載於中華民國教材研究發展學會編印:「邁向課程新紀元」-九年一貫課程研討會論文集。
甄曉蘭(民88)。九年一貫課程改革的理想與挑戰。台灣教育,2-8。new window
蔡居澤(民84)。國民中學戶外教育課程實施影響因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學公民訓育研究所未出版碩士論文。
劉亞平(民87)。教育改革的關心程度問卷與線上測驗之研究。國立台南師範學院資訊教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
劉士豪(民87)。年齡、性別、成就目標導向與創意生活經驗、創造力之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
歐用生(民81)。開放社會的教育改革。臺北市:心理出版社。new window
歐用生(民86)。當前課程改革的檢討。臺北市:師大書苑。new window
鄭伯勳、郭建志(民82)。組織價值觀與個人工作效能符合度研究途徑。中央研究院民族研究所集刊,75,69-103。
鄭燕祥、伍國雄(1991)。學校組織變革:理論、策略和技術。教育學報,19(2),133-144。香港中文大學教育學院。
蕭昭君譯(民86)。全是贏家的學校:借鏡美國教改藍圖。Wilson, K.G. & Daviss,B.著。臺北市:天下。
謝小苓、范信賢(民88)。九年一貫課程中的學生主體性。載於中華民國課程與教學學會主編:「九年一貫課程之展望」。臺北市:揚智文化。
蘇永輝(民88)。基隆市國民小學經營規模效應及其相關因素之研究。國立臺北師範學院國民教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
簡茂發、劉湘川、游淑媚、蔡青育(民80)。師院學生動手操作學習過程技能對教導現行國小科學活動之焦慮與關心程度之影響。國科會專案研究計畫報告。國立台中師範學院。new window
貳、英文部份
Amabile,T.M.(1996). Creativity in Context. Boulder, Co: Westview Press Inc.
Anderson,G.E.(1997). Understanding teacher change:Revisiting the concerns based adoption model. Curriculum Inquiry, 27(3), 331-367.
Ames,C.(1992). Classrooms : Goals, Structures, and Student Motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology,84(3), 261-271.
Bailey,D.B.& Palsha,S.A.(1992). Qualities of the stages of concern questionnaire and implications for educational innovations. The Journal of Educational Reasarch,85(4), 226-232.
Bass,B.M.(1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expections. New York:Free Press.
Bass,B.M.& Avolio,B.J.(1993). Transformational Leadership:A response to critiques. In Chemers,M.M., Ayman,R.(Eds.), Leadership theory and research:Perspectives and directions (pp49-80). San Diego,CA:Academic Press.
Bolam(1986). School improvement : The National scene. School Organization,6(3), 314-370.
Boyer,E.L.(1988). School reform:Completing the course. NASSP Bulletin,72(504), 61-68.
Brown,J.(1993). Leadership for School improvement. Emergency Librarian,20(3), 8-20.
Bryman,A.(1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London:Sage.
Bulter-Williams,L.A. & Kpo,W.(1990). A study of teachers’ attitude toward school reform. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Boston, MA, April 16-20, 1990). (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 324774).
Burn,J.M.(1978). Leadership. New York:Harper and Row.
Carr,G.E.(1985). Characteristics of Florida vocational educators and their receptivity to and attitude toward eductional change and innovation. Paper presented at the American Vocational Association Convention (Atlanta, GA, December 6-10, 1985).(ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 266299).
Chamber,J.A.(1973). College teachers : Their effect on creativity of students. Journal of Educational Psychology , 65(3), 326-334.
Chauvin,S.W., Ellette,C.D.(1993a). Principal change facilitator style, bureaucratic and professional orientations, and teacher receptivity to change. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Atlanta, GA, April 12-16, 1993). (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 361380).
Chauvin,S.W., Ellette,C.D.(1993b). Teacher receptivity to change: An empirical examination of construct validity using the results of large-scale factor Analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Louisiana Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, February, 1993). (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 361379).
Cicchelli,T. & Beacher,R.(1989). Microcomputers in the classroom:Focusing on Teacher concerns. Educational Research Quarterly, 13(1), 37-46.
Clarke,A.M.C., Ellett,C.D.& Bateman,J.M., Rugutt,J.K.(1996). Faculty receptivity/resistance to change, personal and organizational efficacy, decision deprivation and effectiveness in research I university. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education(21st, Memphis, TN, October 31-November 3,1996). (ERIC document reproduction service ED 408846).
Conger,J.A.& Kanungo,R.N.(1988).Behavioral dimensions of charismatic leadership. In Conger,J.A. and Kanungo,R.N.(Eds.) : Charismatic Leadership:the Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Corwin,R.G.(1975).Innovation in organization:The case of schools. Sociology of Education,48,Winter,1-37.
Crandall,D.P.,Bauchner,J.E.,Loucks,S.F.& Schmidt,W.H.(1982). Model of the school improvement process : Factors contributing to success. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association(New York, March, 19-23,1982). (ERIC document reproduction service no ED 251918).
Cunningham,D., Hillison,J,& Horne,R.(1985).Adoption of an innovation:Monitoring the concerns of vocational teachers. Journal of Vocational Education Research 10(1), 15-28.
Darling-Hammond,L.(1990). Teaching and Knowledge : Policy Issues Posed by Alternative Certification for Teachers. Peabody Journal of Education,67(3), 123-54.
Davis,G.A.& Thomas,M.A.(1989). Effective schools and effective teachers. Boston:Allyn & Bacon.
Deluge,R.J.(1988). Relationship Transformational and Transactional Leadership with Employee Influencing Strategies. Group & Organization Studies,13, 456-467.
Eastcott,L.R.& Hall,G.E.(1980). The change display:Two skyrockets. Five bungers and jumping jack. The Administrator, 1(3), 1-4.(ERIC document reproduction service no ED 213134).
Edward,K.F.(1980). Evaluation as Persuasion: A Practical Argument. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2(5), 35-38.
Fennel,H.A.(1992). An investigation of the relationships between organizational cultural linkages and teachers’ stages of concern toward a policy implementation, Alberta Journal of Educational Research 38(1), 9-26.
Fullan,M.(1993). Innovation, Reform and Restructuring Stategies. In G. Cawelti: Challenges and Achievements of American Education (ed.)ASCD.
Fullan,M.& Park,P.(1981). Curriculum implementation : A resource booklet. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
Fullan,M.G.& Stiegelbauer,S.(1991). The new meaning of educational change. (2nd ed.) New York: Teachers College Press.
Fullan,M.G.(1982). The meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Fullan,M.G.& Pomfret,A.(1977). Research in curriculum and instruction implementation. Review of Education Research,47(1), 335-397.
Fuller,F.F.(1969). Concems of teacher: A developmental conceptualization. American Educational Research Journal, 6(2), 207-226.
Fuller,F.F.(1970). Personalized Education for Teachers: An introduction for teacher educators. Austin, T. X.:The University of Texas, Research and Development Center for Teacher Education(ERIC document reproduction service no ED 048105)
Fuller,F.F., Parsons,J.S.& Watkins,J.E.(1974). Concerns of teacher: Research and reconceptualization. Austin, T. X.:The Unicersity of Texas, Research and Development Center for Teacner Education(ERIC Document reprouction service no ED 091439).
Fuller,M.(1992). Visions that blind. Educational Ledership, 49(5), 19-20.
George,C.,& EdwardsⅢ(1980). Implementing Public Policy. Washington:Congressional Quartely Press.
Gjerde,P.F.(1993). An interactional model for resistance to change in education institutions. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (91st, Anaheim, CA, August 26-30, 1983). (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 234917).
Hall,G.E.& Hord,S.(1987). Change in schools: Facilitating the process. Albany: SUNY Press.
Hall,G.E., George,A.A.,& Rutherford,W.L.(1977). Measuring stages of concern about the innovation:A manual for use of the SOC questionnaire. Austin:Research and Development Center for Teacher Education, University of Taxas. (ERIC doucment reproduction service no. ED. 147342).
Heck,S., Stiegelbauer,S.M., Hall,G.E.& Loucks,S.F.(1981). Measuring innovation configurations: Procedures and application. Austin: Research and Development Center for Teacher Education, University of Texas. (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 204147).
Hord,S., Rutherford,W.,Huling-Austin,L.&Hall,G.(1987). Taking charge of change. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Houtz,J.C.(1990). Environments that support creative thinking. In Hedley,C.,Houtz,J.C.,and Baratta,A.(Eds): Cognition, Curriculum and Literacy, 61-76. NY : Ablex,Norwood.
Huberman,M.(1988) Teacher careers and School improvement. Curriculum Studies, 20(2), 119-132.
James,T.K.(1992). The Factors affecting the implementation of site-based management and the role of the principal. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, United States International University, (University Microfilm. No. 9227918).
Kember,D.& Mezger,R.(1990). The instructional designer as a staff developer:A course team approach consistent with a Concerns-based Adoption Model. Distance Education 11(1), 50-70.
Little,J.(1982). Norms of Collegiality and experimentation: Workplace condition of school success. American Educational Research Journal 19(3), 325-340.
Loucks,S.F.(1983). The Concerns-based adaption model:Series. Paper(humber 2). Chapel Hill:Technical Assistance Development System, North Carolina University. (ERIC document reproduction service no ED. 233524).
Loucks,S.F., Newlove,B.W.& Hall,G.E.(1975). Measuring levels of use of the innovation: A manual for trainers interviewers and raters. Austin:Reasearch and Development Center for Teacher Education, University of Texas.
Maehr,M.L.,& Midgley,C.(1996). Transforming School Culture. Colorado:Westview Press.
Mclaughlin,M.W.(1976). Implementation as mutual adaptation : change in classroom organization. Teacher College Record, 77(30), 339-351.
McLaughlin,M.W.& Marsh,D.D.(1978). Staff development and school change. Teachers College Record, 80(1), 69-74.
McNeil,J.D.(1985). A comprehensive introduction. Boston : Little,Brown & Company.
Mellencamp,A.V.(1992). Making connections through Voice:Teacher receptivity to change. Department of Special Education, Unversity of Verment.(ERIC document reproduction service ED 365030).
Midgley,C.,Maehr,M.L.,Hicks,L.,Roeser,R.,Urdan,T.,Anderman,E.,Kaplan,A.,Arunkumar,R.,& Middleton,M.(1997).Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey(PALS). MI:The University of Michigan.
Morawa,E.C.& Sheathelm,H.H.(1984). Teachers’ perceptions of need fulfillment and self-esteem and their attitudes toward change. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (68th), New orleans, L. A., April 23-27, 1984. (ERIC document reproduction service no ED 243843).
Nias,J.,Southnorth,G.& Campbell,P.(1992). Whole school curriculum development in the primary school. Lewes : Falmer Press.
Ornstein,A.C.& Hunkins,F.P.(1988). Curriculum : Foundations, Principles and Issues. N.J. : Printice Hall.
Poole,W.(1991). Resistance to change in education:Themes in the literature. Graduated student paper, Syracuse University.(ERIC document reproduction service ED 330307).
Roeser,R.W.,Midgley,C.& Urdan,T.C.(1996). Perceptions of the School Psychological Environment and Early Adolescents'''' Psychological and Behavioral Functioning in School:The Mediating Role of Goals and Belonging. Journal of Educational Psychology,88(3),408-422.
Rogers.K.A.(1983).Holistic Planning Model: A System Approach for Improving Organizational Effectiveness and Impact. Performance and Instruction,22(8),3-12.
Rusch,E.A.& Perry,E.A.(1993). Resistance to change: Fact or stereotype. Paper presented of the American Educational Research Assocation(New York, NY, April 8-12, 1993). (ERIC document reproducation service ED 396394).
Rutherford,W.L.(1986). Teachers’ contributions to school improvement:reflections on fiffeen years of research. Paper presented at the American Education Research Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco. (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 276104).
Sergiovanni,T.J.(1995). The Principalship- A reflective practice perspective(3th ed.). Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
Sergiovanni,T.J.(1998). Organization, market and community as strategies for change: what works best for deep changes in schools. In Andy Hargreaves et al. (eds) International Handbook of Educational Change (pp576-595). London: Kluwer academic publishers.
Sagor,R.D.(1992). Three Principles Who Make a difference. Educational Leadership,49(5), 13-18.
Sarson,S.B.(1990). The predictable failure of educational reform. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass.
Steers,R.M.(1994). Organizational Behavior(5th ed.). New York : Harpercollins College Pub.
Theron,A.M.C.& Westhuizen,P.C.Van der(1996). The management of resistance to change and polarity in educational organization. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association( New York, NY, April 8-12,1996). (ERIC document reproduction service ED 396394).
Tichy,N.M.& Devanna,M.A.(1986). The transformational Leader. Training and development Journal, July, 27-32.
Tichy,N.M.& Devanna,M.A.(1990). The transformational Leader. New York:Willey.
Triandis,H.C.(1995). Individualism & Collectivism. Boulder:Westview Press.
Tunks,J.L.(1997). From isolation to integration:The change process in an elementary school, The teachers’ perspective. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Chicago, IL., March 24-28, 1997). (ERIC document reproduction service ED 408251).
Van den Berg,R.(1993). The concerns-based adoption model in the Netherlands, Flanders and the United kindom:State of the art and perspective. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 19, 51-63.
Van Den Berg,R.& Sleegers,P.(1996). The innovative capacity of secondary schools: a qualitative study. Qualitative Study in Education,9(2),201-223.
Van Meter,D.S.& Van Horn,C.E.(1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framewark. Administration and Society 6(4), 463.
Vegt,R.,& Van den Berg,R.(1992). Schools implementing a central reform policy:Findings from two national educational context. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
Wangen,N.R., Sederberg,C.H.& Hendrix,V.L.(1982). Receptivity to change in small schools:A study of teachers'''' willingness to accept the risks of innovation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research(New York, NY, March 19-23, 1982). (ERIC document reproduction service ED 242082).
Westhuizen,P.C. van der,& Theron,A.M.C. (1991). Resistance to change in education organizations. Paper presented at the Quadrennial Research Conference of the British Educational Management and Administration Society (5th Cambridge, England United Kingdom, March 22-29, 1996). (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED 396395).
Whiteside,C.& James,R.(1986). Utilizing teachers’ concerns to improve microcomputer implementation. Computers in the Schools 2(4), 29-41.
Wooster(1986). The effect of three variable on teacher implementation of a centrally imposed curriculum. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, State University of New York, Albany (University Microfilms International).
Xing,P.,Lee,A.M.,& Solomon,M.A.(1997). Achievement goal and their corrleates among American and Chinese students in physical education. Journal of Cross-culture Psychology, 28 (6),645-660.
Yukl,G.A.(1994). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE