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題名:大學生消沉心態量表之編製及信效度考驗研究
作者:吳珮瑀 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Pei-Yu
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:林清文博士
陸洛博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:消沉心態量表編製驗證性因素分析信效度self-exhaustedscale developmentvalidationconfirmatory factor analysiscross-validation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在編製一份適用於大學生的消沉心態評量工具。研究者藉由現象觀察與參酌國內外相關文獻論述,歸納出消沉心態的概念架構。根據此架構編擬題項,進行預試分析,形成30題消沉心態量表。在考驗所建立的消沉心態量表之信效度方面,共進行內部一致性信度、再測信度、建構效度、複核效化及效標關聯效度等考驗。在消沉心態與相關心理學概念之間關係,本研究探討消沉心態與成就動機、自尊、壓力、身心健康、健康促進生活型態、網路成癮、人際依附、寂寞感、憂鬱、幸福感等概念之關聯。
以大學生為研究對象,研究樣本來自全台共計10所大專校院在學學生。依研究目的之需要,抽取五大類樣本:1.預試樣本,包括464位大學生。2.內部一致性信度研究樣本,總計進行7次評量,每次人數計172至1,050人不等。3.再測信度研究樣本,總計進行2次評量,分為 2 週及 3 週的再測,包括98及66位大學生。4.建構效度研究樣本,包括503位大學生,複核效化樣本包括1,050位大學生。5.效標關聯效度研究樣本,與內部一致性信度研究樣本相同,總計包含2,679位大學生。
進行描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關分析、Cronbach’s α係數考驗、重複測量單因子變異數分析、區別分析、驗證性因素分析等統計方法,進行量表編製之相關考驗。研究亦分析目前大學生的消沉心態以及不同年級男女大學生的差異。茲將研究結果摘要如下:
一、 消沉心態構念:消沉心態(self-exhausted)是個人所存有,對人、事、世界的一種長期自我挫敗心態,包括認知、情感、行為以及人際關係等方面的消極傾向,以存在疏離、困竭思覺、疏忽自我照顧及關係矛盾等四構面表示之。
二、 消沉心態量表:以消沉心態構念的存在疏離、困竭思覺、疏忽自我照顧及關係矛盾等四面向為評量架構。共計30 題,為 Likert 七點量表,得分越高表示受測者的消沉心態越明顯。
三、 信度研究:在信度研究的7次測量中,全量表Cronbach’s α 值介於.94~.96。其中,存在疏離分量表信度係數介於.81~.86,困竭思覺分量表信度係數介於.93~.96,疏忽自我照顧分量表信度係數介於.76~.84,關係矛盾分量表信度係數介於.82~.90。各分量表組合信度皆達 .70以上,平均變異萃取量均在 .30 以上,題項間具有適度的共同變異,題項信度佳。全量表的間隔二週測量穩定係數為 .89 ,各分量表穩定係數介於 .73 至 .85之間;間隔三週測量穩定係數為 .72 ,各分量表穩定係數介於 .58 至 .74之間。結果顯示,消沉心態量表具備內部一致性與穩定性。
四、 效度研究:以結構方程模式(SEM)統計方法進行驗證性因素分析,結果顯示消沉心態量表評量的因素結構與實徵資料間的適配度佳。複核效化分析結果,顯示建模樣本與效度樣本的指標相似度高,研究模式符合從高階到低階的因素負荷量皆等值及每個構念中3至4個因素負荷量等值的部份等值之跨樣本效度,接近完全等值的嚴格跨樣本效度。效度分析結果支持消沉心態量表評量的跨樣本穩定性。在消沉心態與相關概念間的關係,研究結果均支持消沉心態量表評量具備合理的效標關聯效度。
五、 消沉心態與成就動機、自尊、健康促進生活型態、人際依附、幸福感有明顯而合理的負相關;與壓力、身心健康、網路成癮、寂寞感、憂鬱有明顯而合理的正相關。
六、 大學生的消沉心態以存在疏離為主要特色。約有近10%的大學生有明顯消沉心態。男大生比女大生有較明顯的消沉心態,大二學生比其他年級學生的消沉心態明顯。
本研究依據研究結果,提出消沉心態在實務工作、教育場域、工商場域等運用之建議以及發展預防與治療方案之重要性。同時,針對量表持續修訂、建立切截點、理論發展以及探討不同群體的消沉心態等後續研究進行之方向,提出建議,俾供相關領域實務工作者與研究人員參考。
The purpose of the study was to develop the Self-exhausted Scale(SES) for college students. Based on phenomenon observed and literature reviewed, the author proposed the framework for studying the concept of “self-exhausted” as a tendency of self-destruction in various aspects ranging from cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and to interpersonal relationships. SES is comprised of 30 items in 7-point Likert-type scale and can be completed between 5 to 10 minutes. Scale included four dimensions: existential alienation, dysfunction, poor self-care, and contradictory relationship.
The values of reliability and validity on SES were calculated from a sample of 2,679, all of which are Taiwanese undergraduate college students from ten universities. Accordingly, the internal consistency reliability (N=172~1,050), test-retest reliability (N=66 and 98), construct validity (N=470), cross-validation (N=519), criterion-related validity of the developed scale (N=172~1,050). Seven tests were conducted to relate the 4-dimension model to various psychological issues in the Taiwanese society. These issues include achievement motivation, self-esteem, stress, mental health, health promoting lifestyle, internet addiction, interpersonal attachment styles, loneliness, depression, and happiness.
Descriptive statistics, including means, variances, and item-total correlations, were computed for each item. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, one-factor repeated measures analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis were analyzed to differentiate the similar and differences between variables. Internal consistency of the scores on SES and its subscales was estimated by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (full scale was .94~.96, subscale of existential alienation was .81~.86, subscale of dysfunction was .93~.96, subscale of poor self-care was .76~.84, and subscale of contradictory relationship was .82~.90). Stability coefficient was based on 2 test-retest procedures (an interval of 2 weeks was .89, and an interval of 3 weeks was .72). Validation of Self-exhausted Scale was based on a 4-dimension model, followed by cross-validation on the calibration sample (N=470) and validation sample (N=519). Confirmatory dimension analysis indicated that the model was well supported by observed data and the stability of the model was confirmed. The result had supported the scale structure.
These evidences thus generally supported the 4-dimension self-exhausted model. The application of Self-exhausted Scale and the suggestions of the future study were discussed.
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