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題名:工具性文化政策的介入: 臺灣地方文化館計畫與英國區域文藝復興計畫之比較研究
作者:林玟伶 引用關係
作者(外文):Lin, Wen-Ling
校院名稱:國立臺灣藝術大學
系所名稱:藝術管理與文化政策研究所
指導教授:張婉真
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:工具性文化政策地方文化館計畫區域文藝復興計畫地方博物館instrumental cultural policyLocal Cultural Museum ProjectRenaissance in the Regionslocal museum
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工具性文化政策已經成為全球政策規劃的趨勢,並深刻影響文化單位的運作。然而學界對工具主義的爭論不休,針對工具性文化政策與文化本質產生的衝突有所批評,因此本研究以臺灣「地方文化館計畫」與英國「區域文藝復興計畫」的政策實踐為研究對象,探討工具性文化政策對地方博物館治理的實踐與影響。研究目的為釐清工具主義如何發展至政策的脈絡中,如何影響文化政策與博物館的發展,並比較與討論臺灣與英國之地方博物館/文化館境遇的異同。
本研究採取質性研究的取徑,研究方法以深度訪談法為主,次級資料分析法為輔。訪談對象分別為「政府部門」、「地方博物館/文化館從業人員」、「計畫輔導團」等利害關係人,臺灣與英國共計41人,以釐清其在計畫執行過程的經驗與感受。
本研究歸納出經濟、政治、社會、美學與教育的工具性,在臺灣與英國的計畫中,受經濟與社會工具性影響最劇。本研究發現工具理性與本質理性是互為主體性的關係,工具性目標的提倡,對博物館工具性價值提升具有助力,讓博物館被放置在更有利的政策位置。然而工具性目標亦對於博物館的本質功能產生衝突與矛盾,同時工具性目標不是全部適用於所有博物館。在治理關係方面,兩計畫屬於多層次治理的模式,中介單位扮演重要角色,然而隨著計畫的開展,秩序理性凌駕於溝通理性之上。在評量方面,兩計畫都是採取質量兼具的評量取徑,但評量具有方法上的困難,因此工具性政策若沒有適當的成果評量,提供工具性的回饋,工具性目標將不被博物館所重視,將會影響政策目標的達成狀況。研究建議工具與本質理性、秩序與溝通理性需要取得平衡,才有助於「正向的工具主義」發展,本研究針對未來政策發展、學術研究、實務工作三方面提出建議,包括政策目標的明確、政策溝通管道的建立、工具性與本質性政策的搭配、適當評量方法的建立等。
Over recent years, instrumental cultural policy has become the major concern of policy development and operation as well as an increasingly influence in the arts and museum sectors all over the world. Given this trend, the debates about the potential tensions may arise when instrumental cultural policy is a threat to the intrinsic value of culture. The research explores the practice and influence in which instrumental cultural policy may affect the governance of local museum and discusses the policy practice between Local Cultural Museum Project in Taiwan and Renaissance in the Regions in the UK. The aims of this research are to analyze the historical context of instrumentalism in policy agenda and influence in the development of cultural policy and museum, then to compare and discuss the situations between local museum in Taiwan and the UK.
The qualitative approach is used to address the questions, and the research methods have included in-depth qualitative interviews and a secondary data analysis. A total of forty-one interviews were conducted in Taiwan and the UK in order to explore the perspectives of the stakeholders. The interviewees have included the stakeholders in governments, local museums and consulting groups.
The research concludes five types of instrumental cultural policies, including economic, politic, social, aesthetic and educational instrumentality. There is a huge influence in economic and social instrumentality both in Taiwan and the UK. The research finds the instrumental reason and intrinsic reason are in the relationship of inter-subjectivity. The advocacy of instrumental cultural policy has increased the instrumental value of museum and has put museums in the better position in terms of policy making. However, there are indeed conflicts and contradictions between instrumental cultural policy and the intrinsic value of museums. Moreover, the instrumental objectives cannot be applied in all types of museums. In terms of governance relationship, both of programmes are the model of multi-level governance and the intermediary sectors play an important role. In the progress of programmes, however, the order reason took power over the communicative reason. Regarding to evaluation, both of programmes have adopted the approach of mixed quantity and quality evaluation method but the truly outcomes and outputs are difficult to be evaluated. Besides, if there are no benefits of instrumental cultural policy, the instrumental objectives will not be valued by museums. In doing so, there may be some limitations of the outcomes and outputs of policy. The research suggests there are needs to find balance between four reasons this research have mentioned above. The results may help the development of “positive instrumentalism.”
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