本研究目的是探討影響國小學童自然科學習成就重要因素之排序。首次用文獻探討法，建構問卷調查表設計的依據，在收集數據之後，結合群集分析與層次分析得出重要因素之排序。研究發現，學童能否了解上課內容，是影響自然科學習成就的最重要因素。文中對排序的結果進行了討論，並提出未來研究及改進的方向。

　　　　　 This paper documents the results of study to insight into the influence of factors on scientific learning performance. The objective of this research is to obtain the ordering of factors to tell the influencing over the learning performance. In order to obtain the effective factors affecting the learning performance, literature study needs to be completed prior to design questionnaire. K-means clustering analysis based on two variables is conducted and the obtained figures are utilized to enhance visual capabilities of comparison amongst clusters. Following up the comparison, analytical hierarchical process(AHP) is employed to produce ordering of factors affecting learning performance. The study shows that comprehensible teaching has the greatest influence in the success or failure of learning in science for children.