摘要： 本研究目的在探討國中校長的行政兩難來源、困擾與成因。研究方法採混合研究法中的解釋型研究設計，分三階段進行資料蒐集。問卷調查對象以分層隨機取樣法，抽取臺灣地區376 位國中校長進行分析；訪談對象採立意取樣法，選取三個縣市18 位校長進行訪談。研究結果發現，國中校長行政兩難的來源相當廣泛，包含教務、訓輔、總務、人事與公關行政。行政兩難的發生頻率以訓輔與教務類較高；困擾程度以訓輔與公關政治類較高。就個別事項而言，發生頻率與困擾程度皆以偏差學生轉入與表現欠佳教師的處理為最高。校長行政兩難的成因，主要來自法令規範、專業倫理、人情與政治壓力、學校現實利益之間的價值選擇衝突。本研究建議可提供作為教育行政決策與規劃校長訓練課程參考。

Abstract： The purpose of this study is to explore the sources, disturbance, and causes of administrative dilemmas junior high school principals might face. A mixed method was adopted including questionnaire survey and interview. Data was gathered from 23 counties/cities in Taiwan areas through three stages. The results showed that the frequencies of dilemmas emerged from the dimensions of student disciplines and counsel and teaching affairs were higher than of the others while the extents of disturbance on the dimensions of student disciplines and counsel as well as public relations and politics were also higher than of the others. In terms of the specific administrative dilemmas, the permission of high-risk students transferred into schools and dealing with incompetent teachers were the maximum dilemmas and disturbance encountered by principals. While the causes of administrative dilemmas were varied in light of the specific situations, the value selection conflicts among regulations, professional ethics, interpersonal relationships and political pressure, and school benefits could be the mains reasons. Some conclusions and recommendations drawn from the study were provided as the references for principal, policy makers, and training programs for principals.