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題名：女性總比男性反對核能嗎？福島核災前後核能民意的性別差異研究
書刊名：行政暨政策學報
作者：梁世武 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liang, Shih-wu
出版日期：2015
卷期：61
頁次：頁1-50
主題關鍵詞：核電支持度；核能安全；性別差異；福島核災；勝算對數；Support of nuclear power；Nuclear safety；Gender gap；Fukushima nuclear disaster；Logistic regression
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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Brody（1984: 209）指出，民意研究中最一致的發現，就是女性始終比男性反對使用核能。本研究目的在於探討女性較男性反對核能是否為跨越時空的普遍現象，或是在不同條件下有差異？本文並再以台灣核能民意實證資料探討比較重大核災前後，影響兩性核能支持度因素是否有變化。解析車諾比事故與福島核災後跨國核能民意資料發現，絕大多數國家的女性確實比男性反對使用核能。若以洲際核能民意資料來看，亞洲國家女性相對男性反對使用核能的比例較歐美國家顯著偏低。如比較美國與台灣在福島核災前後的核能民意資料，可發現兩國在重大核災事故後，男性反核比例較女性上升幅度大。本研究進一步使用台灣跨年度核能民意資料解析，發現歷年的年輕或高學歷女性反核比例相對年長或學歷較低女性偏高。若以二元勝算對數迴歸分析發現，福島核災前台灣女性反核比例受風險認知、意識型態、年齡等因素影響，男性則受風險認知、意識型態、居住地區等因素影響。福島核災後影響男性反核的因素主要是風險認知與教育程度，女性變成受風險認知、居住地區影響。相對來說，女性受風險認知影響幅度較大，顯示重大核能事故後，女性相較男性更趨向於因風險認知差異而影響反核態度。
A survey of Brody (1984: 209) showed that women were significantly more opposed to the use of nuclear power than men. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the gender gap is a universal phenomenon, or it would be diverse under different time and place? In addition, this study compared supporting factors between men and women before and after a significant nuclear disasters. Study of cross-country nuclear public perspective after the Fukushima nuclear accident and the Chernobyl disaster found that women oppose the use of nuclear energy more than men in most countries. However, the percentage of European and American women against the use of nuclear power was higher than Asian women. According to the studies from Taiwan and the United States, the percentage of men against nuclear power was higher than women after a magnificent nuclear disaster in both countries. A multi-year study of Taiwanese public opinion in nuclear power showed that highly educated young women were less likely to support nuclear power than lower educated senior women. Moreover, this binary logistic regression study showed that before the Fukushima nuclear disaster, risk perception, ideology and age were the main influences on Taiwanese women's attitude toward nuclear power; whereas the attitude of men were only influenced by risk perception and ideology. After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, in addition to risk perception and ideology, education level became the influence factors of the attitude toward nuclear power for men; on the contrary, woman influenced by risk perception and residual places. This result showed that women were more likely to change the attitude toward nuclear power for safety reason.
期刊論文
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3.Shapiro, Robert Y.、Mahajan, Harpreet(1986)。Gender Differences in Policy Preferences: A Summary of Trends from the 1960s to the 1980s。Public Opinion Quarterly，50(1)，42-61。  new window
4.梁世武(20140600)。風險認知與核電支持度關聯性之研究：以福島核能事故後臺灣民眾對核電的認知與態度為例。行政暨政策學報，58，45-86。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.洪鴻智(20050300)。科技鄰避設施風險知覺之形成與投影：核二廠。人文及社會科學集刊，17(1)，33-70。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Hung, Hung-Chih、Wang, Tzu-Wen(2011)。Determinants and mapping of collective perceptions of technological risk: The case of the second nuclear power plant in Taiwan。Risk Analysis，31(4)，668-683。  new window
7.黃懿慧(19930800)。從反核運動看核四溝通問題。理論與政策，7(4)=28，86-102。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.梁世武、李均揚(20140800)。從鄰避效應與認知失調解析臺灣民眾的核電風險認知與態度。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，33(4)，428-444。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Brown, Phil、Ferguson, Faith I. T.(1995)。“Making a Big Stink”: Women's Work, Women's Relationships, and Toxic Waste Activism。Gender and Society，9(2)，145-172。  new window
10.Clancy, Jay、Roehr, Ulrike(2003)。Gender and energy: is There a Northern Perspective?。Energy for Sustainable Development，7(3)，44-49。  new window
11.Culley, Marci R.、Angelique, Holly L.(2003)。Women's Gendered Experiences as Long-Term Three Mile Island Activists。Gender and Society，17(3)，445-461。  new window
12.Green, Harold P.(1973)。Nuclear Power: Risk, Liability, and Indemnity。Michigan Law Review，71(3)，479-510。  new window
13.Haraway, D. J.(1985)。Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980's。Socialist Review，80，65-108。  new window
14.Hatemi, Peter K.、Medland, Sarah E.、Eaves, Lindon J.(2009)。Do Genes Contribute to the “Gender Gap”?。The Journal of Politics，71(1)，262-276。  new window
15.leong, Macro Chi Fong、Ho, Jung-Chun、Lee, Patricia Chiao-Tze、Hokama, Tomiko、Gima, Tsugiko、Luo, Lingling、Sohn, Myongsei、Kim, So Yoon、Kao, Shu-Fen、Hsieh, Wanhwa Annie、Chang, Hung-Lun、Chang, Peter Wu-Shou(2014)。Risk perception of nuclear power plants among university students in Northeast Asia after the Fukushima nuclear disaster。Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health，26(6)，631-641。  new window
16.Johnson, Katherine M.、Simon, Richard M.(2012)。Women'€™s Attitudes Toward Biomedical Technology for Infertility: The Case for Technological Salience。Gender and Society，26(2)，261-289。  new window
17.Keller, Carmen、Visschers, Vivianne、Siegrist, Michael(2012)。Affective Imagery and Acceptance of Replacing Nuclear Power Plants。Risk Analysis，32(3)，464-477。  new window
18.Li, Quail、Fuhrmann, Matthew、Early, Bryan R.、Vedlitz, Arnold(2012)。Preferences, Knowledge, and Citizen Probability Assessments of the Terrorism Risk of Nuclear Power。Review of Policy Research，29(2)，207-227。  new window
19.Norgaard, Kari、York, Richard(2005)。Gender Equality and State Environmentalism。Gender and Society，19(4)，506-522。  new window
20.Seidl, Roman、Moser, Corinne、Stauffacher, Michael、Krütli, Pius(2012)。Perceived Risk and Benefit of Nuclear Waste Repositories。Four Opinion Clusters, Risk Analysis，33(6)，1038-1048。  new window
21.Tedin, Kent L.、Yap, Oi-Kuan Fiona(1993)。The Gender Factor in Soviet Mass Politics: Survey Evidence from Greater Moscow。Political Research Quarterly，46(1)，179-211。  new window
22.Wajcman, Judy(2000)。Feminism Facing Industrial Relations。Britain British journal of industrial relations，38(2)，183-201。  new window
23.Wenner, Lettie McSpadden、Wenner, ManFred W.(1978)。Nuclear Policy and Public。Participation, American Behavior Scentist，22(2)，277-310。  new window
24.Brody, Charles J.(1984)。Differences by Sex in Support for Nuclear Power。Social Forces，63(1)，209-228。  new window
25.Cowan, Ruth Schwartz(1976)。The Industrial Revolution in the home: Household technology and social change in the 20th century。Technology and Culture，17(1)，1-23。  new window
26.Zelezny, Lynnette C.、Chua, Poh-Pheng、Aldrich, Christina(2000)。Elaborating on Gender Differences in Environmentalism。Journal of Social Issues，56(3)，443-457。  new window
27.成令方、吳嘉苓(20050900)。科技的性別政治--理論和研究的回顧。科技、醫療與社會，3，51-112。new window  延伸查詢new window
28.Wirls, Daniel(1986)。Reinterpreting the Gender Gap。Public Opinion Quarterly，50(3)，316-330。  new window
29.Gustafson, Per E.(1998)。Gender Differences in Risk Perception: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives。Risk Analysis，18(6)，805-811。  new window
研究報告
1.梁世武、侯榮輝(2012)。『核能安全管制與緊急應變作為』風險溝通之規劃與研究 (計畫編號：NSC101-2623-E-128-001-NU)。  延伸查詢new window
2.梁世武、陳文芳(2010)。民眾核能安全認知與態度民意調查報告 (計畫編號：NSC99-2623-E-128-001-NU)。  延伸查詢new window
3.梁世武、陳文芳(2011)。核能安全民意調查研究調查結果 (計畫編號：NSC100-2623-E-128-001-NU)。  延伸查詢new window
4.Funk, Patricia、Gathmann, Christina(20081126)。Gender Gaps in Policy Making: Evidence from Direct Democracy in Switzerland。Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra。  new window
5.Powell, M.、Schubert, R.、Gysler, M.(20010121)。How to Predict Gender-Differences in Choice Under Risk: A Case for the Use of Formalized Models。Zurich：Swiss Federal Institute of Technology。  new window
學位論文
1.呂宗芬(2003)。台灣的反核四運動與政治轉型--政治機會結構的觀點(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.邱鈺婷(2012)。台灣民眾對於核能發電態度與其政黨傾向關聯性之探討(碩士論文)。國立中興大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.潘惠伶(2007)。台灣反核四運動歷程之政治分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Bleier, Ruth(1984)。Science and Gender: A critique of biology and its theories on women。New York：Pergmon Press。  new window
2.Wajcman, Judy(1991)。Feminism confronts technology。Cambridge：Polity Press。  new window
3.顧燕翎(1990)。女性主義與流派。台北：女書。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Cockbum, Cynthia(1991)。In the Way of Women: Mens Resistance to Sex Inequality in Organizations。London：Macmillan。  new window
5.Fausto-Sterling, Anne(1985)。Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men。New York：Basic Books。  new window
6.Hubbard, Ruth、Henifm, Mary Sue、Fried, Barbara(1979)。Women Look at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques。Boston：G. K. Hall。  new window
7.Kroløkke, Charlotte、Sørensen, Anne S.(2006)。Gender Communication Theories and Analyses: From Silence to Performance。Sage Publications。  new window
8.Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs(1989)。Man Cannot Speak For Her: A Critical Study of Early Feminist Rhetoric。Oxford：Praeger。  new window
9.de Solla Price, Derek J.(1963)。Little Science, Big Science。Columbia University Press。  new window
10.Webster, Frank(1995)。Theories of the Information Society。Routledge。  new window
11.Davis, Kathy、Evans, Mary、Lorber, Judith(2006)。Handbook of gender and women's studies。London：Sage。  new window
12.Davis, Kathy、Evans, Mary、Lorber, Judith、楊雅婷、顏詩怡、司馬學文、林育如(2009)。性別與女性研究手冊。台北：韋伯文化國際。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Ipsos(2011)。Public Support for Nuclear Energy Makes Early Recovery after Fukushima，http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/2903/Nuclear-Energy-Update-Poll.aspx， 2013/12/10。  new window
2.Nuclear Energy Institute(2013)。Perspective on Public Opinion，http://www.nei.org/Master-Document-Folder/Publications-and-Brochures/Perspectives-On-Public-Opinion/Perspective-on-Public-Opinion-April-2013， 2013/12/15。  new window
3.Ortiz, Fabiola(2013)。Nuclear Energy Small but Strategic in Brazil，http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/12/nuclear-energy-small-strategic-brazil/， 2014/06/10。  new window
4.The SOM Institute(2012)。Swedish Energy Opinion，http://www.som.gu.se/digitalAssets/1392/1392804_studies-in-swedish-energy-opinion.pdf， 2013/12/12。  new window
5.World Nuclear Association(2014)。Nuclear Power in Poland，http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-O-S/Poland/， 2015/01/12。  new window
6.World Nuclear Association(2014)。Nuclear Power in India，http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Proflles/Countries-G-N/India/， 2015/01/13。  new window
7.World Value Survey Association(1990)。Questionaire，http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs/articles/folder_published/survey_1990/files/root_q_1990.pdf， 2013/12/15。  new window
圖書論文
1.Rosser, Sue V.(2006)。Using the Lenses of Feminist Theories to Focus on Women and Technology。Women, Gender, and Technology。Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois。  new window
2.Ortner, Sherry B.(1974)。Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?。Woman, Culture, and Society。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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