:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:團隊文化與教練領導:質化與量化兩種研究途徑
作者:高三福 引用關係
作者(外文):San-Fu Kao
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:簡曜輝
莊仲仁
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:團隊文化教練領導團隊社會化建立團隊團隊動力研究方法論質化量化家長式領導價值觀團隊承諾團隊效能team culturecoaches leadershipteam socializationteam buildingteam dynamicsresearch methodologyquilitative approachquantitative approachpaternalistic leadershipvaluesteam commitmentteam effectiveness
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(67) 博士論文(5) 專書(3) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:59
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:263
團隊文化與教練領導:質化與量化兩種研究途徑
研究生:高三福
指導教授:簡曜輝 教授
莊仲仁 教授
日期:民國90年6月
摘要
直觀上,不同的團隊有著不同的團體行為、語言與決策思考,也就是有著不同的團隊文化。雖然學者曾數度地提到運動團隊文化一詞,但有關運動團隊文化的實徵研究仍付之闕如,相關概念的探討亦極缺乏。有鑑於此,本論文以組織文化的理論為基礎,旨在探討團隊文化與教練領導的關係,經由兩個研究,分別從質化與量化的研究途徑來進行。
研究一是一項歷時三年的質化研究,採人類學式之完全參與觀察法。觀察的對象是一大專運動校隊,由於研究者身兼教練,因此研究一富有行動研究的意涵。研究一的研究問題有二,一、探討在不同階段中,新教練的新文化與舊教練的舊文化是如何地交互影響?繼任教練是如何地鑲嵌價值觀與信念?二、探討文化演化的不同階段,團隊的目標與使命,經歷了什麼樣的轉變?研究一的結果呈現「新、舊任」教練的世代交替,是一個團隊文化承續與轉化之演化過程。此一文化演化的全貌,是一個新、舊文化的衝突與融合之歷程,透過團隊成員之間的衝突與解決,對應出新、舊文化的衝突與融合,鋪陳出以繼任教練為主,一個領導繼承之團隊文化的承續與轉化。而結果亦顯示,團隊文化與邁向奪標之路是有一致性的關係,這意味教練可以透過某些策略和作為,來經營管理團隊的文化,達到團隊奪冠的目標。然而,文化複雜、難以捉摸的特性,使得「經營與管理文化」是一件不容易的事。因此,作為一個教練──領導者,如何帶領團隊面對激烈的競爭與挑戰,是考驗領導者的真正智慧。
研究二是一項大樣本的量化研究,採問卷調查法,主要是探討教練領導、團隊社會化、團隊文化與效能間的關係。研究二的研究假設有二,一、教練領導、團隊社會化、與團隊文化的關係,符合干擾模式。二、團隊文化與效能的關係符合強勢文化模式。研究二主要的測量工具包括:家長式領導、運動團隊社會化、團隊文化價值觀、效能變項的測量。受測的主要對象為台灣地區大專運動團隊1151人,整體而言,研究二的研究結果支持研究假設。
針對研究一與研究二不同取向的研究,本論文以Schultz與Hatch(1996)對文化的觀點,從對照與連結的方式,進行團隊文化與領導的綜合討論。最後,本論文對未來的研究方向,以及團隊領導與管理實務的意涵提出建議。
Team culture and coaches leadership:
Both qualitative and quantitative approaches
Every team has its own group behaviors, languages, and decision making processes in intuition. These are teams cultures. The term "team culture" has been mentioned many times by different sport psychologists. However, there is still no empirical study about this topic. Base on organizational culture, the main purpose of this thesis is focused on team culture and coaches leadership. Two studies in this thesis, both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used in two studies of this thesis.
Study 1 is an ethnological study, complete participant observations. The period of observations is continued for three years long. Research participant is a university''''s sports team. The role of researcher is a new coach, so action research is emergent in this study. There are two questions in study 1. First, understand the interaction of the new coach''''s culture and old coach''''s culture in each stage. Furthermore, how did the new coach embedded his values and beliefs to his team? Second, what happened and changed to team goals and missions in this sports team? The results show the culture change between the new and old coach is a tranzistional and transformational process. The whole picture of this culture evolution is a conflicting and amalgamating through team members'''' interactions. The cultural evolution is based on the power of new coach, what means a culture tranzistion and transformation under the coaches'''' leadership succession. The results of study 1 also show a congruent relationship between team culture and team success. This means coaches can manage culture to reach success through strategies and actions. However, culture, a complex and uncontrollable phenomenon, is difficult to be managed in fact. Thus, coach, as a leader, is demanded on his or her wisdom in the extreme competitive and challenge situations.
Study 2 is a mass sample investigative study to study the relationship between coaches leadership, team socialization, team cultures, and effectiveness. There are two hypotheses in study 2. First, the relationships between coaches leadership, team socialization, and team culture is fitted to moderating model. Second, the relation between team culture and effectiveness is fitted to strong culture model. The measurements in study 2 are paternalistic leadership, team socialization, team values, and effectiveness variables. The main subjects are college sports teams athletes in Taiwan and the numbers are 1151. The results support to the hypotheses.
By the way of Schultz and Hatch''''s culture perspectives (1996), study 1 and study 2 different approaches are discussed in a perspective of connect and contrast. This thesis also suggests to future directions and applications in team leadership and team management.
王貞治(1995):追夢,花在棒球上的人生(鄭義盛譯)。台北:中華職棒出版公司。
任金剛(1996):組織文化、組織氣候、及員工效能:一項微觀的探討。國立台灣大學商學研究所,博士論文。new window
吳祥木(1996):絕不輕言放棄:棒球的美好年代。台北:圓神出版社。
易劍東(1998):體育文化。台北:揚智文化。
姜定宇(2000):效忠主管、組織承諾及員工效能:五種模式的驗證。台灣大學心理學研究所,碩士論文。
夏林清(1996):實踐取向的研究方法。見胡幼慧(主編):質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流圖書公司。
高三福(1998):質性研究中教練與研究者的角色反省。師範大學體育研究所研究生心得發表會,未發表之論文。
高正源(1994):東昇的旭日:中華棒球發展史。台北:民生報社。new window
許義雄(1996):中國近代民族主義體育思想之特質。見許義雄等著:中國近代體育思想。台北:啟英文化。new window
許義雄(1998):社會變遷與學校體育。見許義雄等著:運動教育與人文關懷(上)─政策與思想篇。台北:師大書苑。new window
郭建志(1999):文化契合與效能:台灣集團企業之個案研究。台灣大學心理研究所,博士論文。new window
郭源治(1998):熱球。台北:新中原出版社。
傅之後(1997):驚爆職棒黑幕。台北:商智文化。
黃國隆、陳惠芳(1998):資訊技術、組織價值觀與組織承諾之關係。管理學報,15卷,343-366。new window
潘英海(1998):文化識盲與文化糾結:本土田野工作者的「文化」問題。本土心理學研究,8期,37-71。new window
鄭伯壎(1991):組織文化價值觀的數量鑑衡。中華心理學刊,32卷,31-49。new window
鄭伯壎(1993):組織價值觀與組織承諾、組織公民行為、工作績效關係:不同加權模式、差距模式之比較。中華心理學刊,35卷,43-58。new window
鄭伯壎(1996):家長權威與領導行為之關係探討(二)。國科會專題研究報告。
鄭伯壎、周立芳、樊景立(2000):家長式領導:三元模式的建構與測量。第五屆華人心理與行為科際學術研討會論文。台北南港,中央研究院民族學研究所。new window
鄭伯壎、郭建志(1993):組織價值觀與個人工作效能:符合度研究途徑。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,75期,69-103。
Alvesson, M., & Berg, P. O. (1992). Corporate culture and organizational symbolism. New York: de Gruyter.
Alvesson, M., & Lindkvist, L. (1993). Transaction costs, clans and corporate culture. Journal of Management Studies, 30, 427-452.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1974). Theory in practice: increasing professional effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1996). Organizational learning Ⅱ: theory, method, and practice. New York: Addision-Wesley.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Barney, B. (1986). Organization culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage? Academy of Management Review, 11, 656-665.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill''''s handbook of leadership: Theory, research and managerial applocations, 3rd edn. New York: Free Press.
Brawley, L. R. (1998). Forward. In A. V Carron and H. A. Hausenblas. Group Dynamics in Sport. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technique.
Brawley, L.R., Carron, A. V., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1987). Assessing the cohesion of teams: Validity of the Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9, 275-294.
Brawley, L.R., Carron, A. V., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1988). Exploring the relationship between cohesion and group resistance to disruption. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 199-213.
Bryman, A. (1992). Charistma and leadership of organizations. London: Sage.
Bryman, A. (1996). Leadership in organizations. In S. Clegg, C Hardy and W. Nord (Eds.), Handbook of organizational studies (pp. 276-292). London: Sage.
Buceta, J. M. (1993). The sport psychologist/ athletic coach dual role: Advantages, difficulties, and ethical considerations. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 5, 64-77.
Burke, K. L., & Johnson, J. J. (1992). The sport psychologist-coach dual role position: A rebuttal to Ellickson and Brown (1990). Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4, 51-55.
Calori, R., & Sarnin, P. (1991). Corporate culture and economic performance: A French study. Organization Studies, 12, 49-74.
Carron, A. V. (1982). Cohesiveness in sport groups: Interpretations and considerations. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 123-138.
Carron, A. V., & Hanusenblas, H. A. (1998). Group dynamics in sport. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technique.
Carron, A. V., & Spink, K. S. (1993). Team building in an exercise setting. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 8-18.
Carron, A. V., Brawley, L. R., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1998). The measurement of cohesiveness in sport groups. IN J. L. Duda (ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Carron, A. V., Spink, K. S., & Prapavessis, H. (1997). Team building and cohesiveness in the sport and exercise setting: Use of indirect interventions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 61-72.
Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R., (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 244-266.
Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R., (1988). Group cohesion and individual adherence to physical activity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 119-126.
Chao, G. T., O''''Leary-Kelly, A. M., Wolf, S., Klein. H. J., & Gardner, P. D. (1994). Organizational socialization: Its content and consequence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 730-743.
Chelladurai, P. (1984). Discrepancy between preferences and perceptions of leadership behavior and satisfaction of athletes in varying sports. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 27-41.
Chelladurai, P. (1993). Leadership. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey and L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology ( pp.647-671). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Deal, T., & Kennedy (1982). Corporate culture. Reading, M A: Addison-Wesley.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Denision, D. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: John Wiley.
Denison. R., & Mishra, K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6, 204-223.
Dyer, W. G. (1985). The cycle of cultural cultural evolution in organization. In R. H. Kilmann, M. J. Saxton, & R. Serpa (Eds.), Gaining control of the corporate culture (pp. 200-229). San Francisco: Jessey-Basss.
Eden, C., & Huxham, C. (1996). Action research for the study of organizations. In S. R. Clegg, C. Hardy & W. R. Nord (Eds.), Handbook of organization studies (pp. 599-621). London: Sage.
Eitzen, D. S., Yetman, N. (1972). Managerial change, longevity, and organizational effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 110-116.
Ellickson, K. A., & Brown, D. (1990). Ethical considerations in dual relationships: The sport psychologist-coach. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 186-190.
Farh, K. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2000). A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J.T. Li., Tsui, A.S., & E. Weldon (Eds.), Management and organizations in the Chinese context. London: Aacmillan.
French, W. L., & Bell, C. H. (1999). Organization development (6th). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Gioia, D. A., & Pitre, E. (1990). Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review, 15, 584-602.
Gruber, J.J., & Gray, G. R. (1981). Factor patterns of variables influencing cohesiveness at various levels of basketball competition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 52, 19-30.
Gruber, J.J., & Gray, G. R. (1982). Response to forces influencing cohesion as a function of player status and level of male varsity basketball competition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, 27-36.
Haney, C. J., Long, B. C., & Howell-Jones, G. (1998). Coaching as a profession: Ethical concerns. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10, 240-250.
Hanraban, S, & Gallois, C. (1993). Social interactions. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey and L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Hardy, C. J., & Crace, R. K. (1997). Foundations of team building: Introduction to the team building primer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 1-10.
Hatch, M. J. (1993). The dynamics of organizational culture. Academy of Management Review, 18, 657-693.
Heron, J., & Reason, P. (1997). A participatory inquiry paradigm. Qualitative Inquiry, 3, 274-294.
Hofstede, G., Neuijen, B., Ohayv, D. D., & Sanders, G. (1990). Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 286-316.
Hogg, M. A. (1992). The social psychology of group cohesiveness: From attraction to social identity. New York: New York University Press.
Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social Identifications: A social psychology of intergroup processes. London and New York: Routledge.
Hogg, M. A., & Hardie, E. A. (1991). Social attraction, personal attraction, and self-categorization: A field study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 175-180.
Jablin, F. M., Krone, K. J. (1987). Organizational assimilation. In Charles R. Berge and Steven H. Chaffee (Eds.). Handbook of communication science (pp. 711-746). London: Sage.
James, L. R., & Brett, J. M. (1984). Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 307-321.
Jaros, S. J., Jermier, J. M., Koehler, J. W., & Sincich, T. (1993). Effects of continuance, affective, and moral commitment on the withdrawal process: An evaluation of eight structural equation models. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 951-995.
Kunda, B. (1992). Engineering culture: Control and commitment in a High-Tech corporation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Lewis, M. W., & Grimes, A. J. (1999). Metatriangulation: Building theory form moltiple paradigms. Academy of Management Review, 24, 672-690.
Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P. (1985). The application of goal setting to sports. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 705-222.
Lombardo, B. J. (1987). The humanistic coach. Springfield, Il: Charles C Ghomas.
Louis, M. R. (1980). Surprise and sense making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational setting. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226-251.
Louis, M. R. (1985). An investigator''''s guide to workplace culture. In P. J. Frost, L. F. Moore, M. R. Louis, C. C. Lundberg and J Martin (Eds.), Organizational culture. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Louis, M. R. (1990). Acculturation in the workplace: Newcomers as lay ethnographer. In B. Schneider (Ed.), Organizational climate and culture (pp. 85-129). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Martin, J., Feldman, M., Hatch, M., & Sitkin, S. (1983). The uniqueness paradox in organizational stories. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 438-453.
Martin, J., Sitkin, S. B., & Boehm, M. (1985). Founders and the elusiveness of a culture legace. In P. J. Frost, L. F. Moore, M. R. Louis, C. C. Lundberg and J Martin (Eds.), Organizational culture. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Martins R. (1987a). Coaches guide to sport psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martins R. (1987b). Science, knowledge, and sport psychology, The Sport Psycghologist, 1, 19-55.
McNiff, J. (1988). Action research: principles and practice. London: Routledge.
McPherson, B. D., Curtis, J. E., & Loy, J. W. (1989). The social significant of sport. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
Meyerson, K., & Martin, J. (1987). Cultural change: An intergration of three different views. Journal of Management Studies, 24, 623-647.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. London: Sage.
Morey, N. C., Luthans, F. (1985). Refining the displacement of culture and the use of scenes and themes in organizational studies. Academy of Management Review, 10, 219-229.
Morrison, E. (1993). Newcomer information seeking: Exploring types, modes, sources, and organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557-589.
Neter, J., Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., & Wasserman, W. (1999). Applied linear staitstical models forth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
O''''Reilly, C. A., & Chatmen, J. A. (1996). Culture as social. control: Corporations, cults, and commitment. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 157-200.
O''''Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. A., & Caldwell, D. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 487-516.
O''''Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychologyical attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 429-499.
Ostroff, C., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (1992). Organizational socialization as a learning process: The role of information acquisition. Personnel Psychology, 45, 849-874.
Ott, J. S. (1989). The organizational culture perspective. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
Ouchi, W. G. (1981). Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese Challenge. Reading, MA: Assison-Wesley.
Peters, T., & Waterman, R. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from America''''s best-run companies. 天下編輯部(譯)《追求卓越》。台北:天下遠見出版公司。
Pettigrew, A. M. (1979). On studying organizational culture. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 570-581.
Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in organization. Marshfield, Mass: Pitman.
Prapavessis, H., Carron, A. V., & Spink, K. S. (1996). Team building in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, 169-285.
Reason, P. (1994). Three approaches to participative inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincon (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 324-339). London: Sage.
Richardson, L. (1994). Writing: A method of inquiry. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 516-529). London: Sage.
Roberts, G. C. (1992). Motivation in sport and exercise: Conceptual constraints and convergence. In G. C. Roverts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Rousseau, D. (1990). Normative beliefs in fund-rasing organizations: Linking culture to organizational performance and individual responses. Group and Organization Studies, 15, 448-460.
Ryan, E. D. (1980). Attribution, intrinsic motivation and athletics: A replication and extension. In C. H. Nadeau (Ed.), Psychology of motor behavior and sport, 1979. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Sathe, V. (1985). Culture and related corporate realities. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
Schein, E. H. (1983). The role of the founder in creating organizational culture. Organizational Dynamics, 12 (1), 13-28.
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45, 109-119.
Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational culture and leadership (2nd ed.). 陳千玉(譯)《組織文化與領導》。台北:五南圖書公司。
Schultz, M., & Hatch, M. J. (1996). Living with multiple paradigms: The case of paradigm interplay in organizational culture studies. Academy of Management Review, 21, 529-557.
Siehl, C., & Martin, J. (1990). Organizational culture: A key to financial performance? IN B. Schneidwer (Ed.), Organizational climate and culture (pp. 241-284). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Slack, T. & Hinings, B. (1992). Understanding change in national sport organizations: An integration of theoretical perspectives. Journal of Sport Management, 6, 114-132.
Smirchch, L. (1983). Concept of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 339-358.
Smirchch, L., & Morgan, B. (1982). Leadership: the management of meaning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 18, 257-273.
Smircich, L., & Calas, M. B. (1987). Organizational cultures: A critical assessment, In F. M. Jablin, L. L. Putnam, K. H. Roberts, & L. W. Porters (Eds.), Handbook of organizational communication (pp. 228-263). Beverly Hill, CA: Sage.
Smith, D. (1992). The coach as sport psychologist: An alternate view. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4, 56-62.
Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1989). Leadership behaviors in sport: A theoretical model and research paradigm. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 1522-1551.
Sparks, A. (1992). Research in physical education and sport: Exploring alternative visions. London: Falmer Press.
Strean, W. B. (1998). Possibilities for qualitative research in sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 333-345.
Stringer, E. T. (1996). Action research: A handbook for practitioners. London: Sage.
Tinning, R. (1992). Action research as epistemology and practice: Towards trandformative educational parctice in physical education. In A. Spardes (Ed.), Research in physical education and sport: Exploring alternative visions (pp. 188-209). London: Falmer Press.
Trice H. H., & Beyer, J. M. (1984). Studying organizational cultures through rites and ceremonials. Academy of Management Review, 9, 653-669.
Trice H. H., & Beyer, J. M. (1993). The cultures of work organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall.
Trice, H., & Beyer, J. (1984). Studying organizational cultures through rites and ceremonials. Academy of Management Review, 9, 653-669.
Van Maanen, J. (1991). The smile factory: Work at Disneyland. In P. J. Frost, L. F. Moore, M. R. Louis, C. C. Lundberg, & J. Martin (Eds.), Reframing organizational culture (pp. 58-76). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Van Maanen, J. (1995). An end to innocence: The ethnography of ethnography. In Van Maanen (Ed.), Representation in ethnography (pp. 1-35). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Van Maanen, J., & Barley, S. R. (1984). Occupational communities: Culture and control in organizations. In B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, 6, 287-356, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Van Mannen, J., & Schein, E. H. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. Staw (Ed.) Research in organizational behavior, 1, 209-264.
Vealey, R. S., Hayashi, S. W., Garner-Holman, M., & Giacobbi, P. (1998). Sources of sport-confidence: Conceptualization and instrument development. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20, 54-80.
Wallace, M. & Weese, W. J. (1995). Leadership, organizational culture, and job satisfaction in Canadian YMCA organizations. Journal of Sport Management, 9, 182-193.
Weese, W. J. (1995). Leadership and organizational culture: An investigation of big ten and mid-American conference campus recreation administrations. Journal of Sport Management, 9, 119-134.
Weese, W. L. (1996). Do leadership and organizational culture really matter? Journal of Sport Management, 10. 197-209.
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. London: Sage.
Weingerg, R. S., Gould, D. (1995). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Whyte, W. F. (1991). Street corner society: excerpts from the appendix to the 1955 edition. In P. J. Frost, L. F. Moore, M. R. Louis, C. C. Lundberg, & J. Martin (Eds.), Reframing organizational culture (pp. 169-172). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Widmeyer, W. N., Brawley, L. R., & Carron, A. V. (1992). Group dynamics in sport. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in Sport Psychology (pp. 163-180). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Widmeyer, W. N., Carron, A. V., & Brawley, L. R. (1993). Group cohesion in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey and L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Wilkins, A. (1983). Organizational stories as symbols which control the organization. In Frost, P., Moore, L., Louis, M., Lundberg, C., & Martin, J. (Eds.), Organizational culture (pp. 81-91). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Woods, P. (1992). Symbolic interactionism: theory and method. In M. D. LeCompte, W. L. Millroy and J. Preissle (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research in education (pp. 337-446). London: Academy Press.
Yukelson, D. (1997). Principles of effective team building interventions in sport: A direct services approach at Penn State University. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 1, 73-96.
Yukelson, D., Weinberg, R., & Kackson, A. (1984). A multidimensional group cohesion instrument for intercollegiate basketball teams. Journal of sport Psychology, 6, 103-117.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE