參考書目
一、中文部分
王昭琪（2005）。生活壓力、憂鬱經驗與青少年復原力之相關研究。國立暨南大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
王煥琛、柯華葳（2000）。青少年心理學。台北：心理出版社。
王蓁蓁（2000）。台北縣國中生之壓力源、因應方式與生活適應之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
王齡竟、陳毓文（2010）。家庭衝突、社會支持與青少年憂鬱情緒：檢視同儕專業與家外成人支持的緩衝作用。中華心理衛生學看，23（1），65-97。內政部統計處（2003）。中華民國九十二年少年身心狀況調查報告。http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Survey/2003junvenile.doc
朱森楠（2001）。一位國中中輟復學生的復原力及相關因素之探討研究。新竹縣教育研究集刊，1，171-202。
呂敏昌（1993）。國中學生的生活壓力、因應方式與心理社會幸福感之關係。中國文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
江承曉（1991）。國中生的生活壓力、因應行為與其身心健康之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學衛生育研究所碩士論文。
杜慈容（1999）。童年受虐少年『獨立生活』經驗探討--以台北市少年獨立生活方案為例。台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
洪冬桂（1986）。我國大學生適應問題、因應行為、求助偏好極其相關因素之研究。國立台灣大學教育研究所博士論文。洪秋月（1987）。單親婦女的支持系統與生活適應之研究。東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
洪美蓮（1999）。校園憂鬱症的探討。諮商與輔導，165，12-15。
洪莉竹（1996）。憂鬱個案及輔導策略之探討。諮商與輔導，121，13-17。
李佳容（2001）。個人面對親人死亡事件心理復原歷程之研究。彰師大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。
李培聞（1996）。認識憂鬱症及其處理。學生輔導，46，56-61。
李坤崇、歐慧敏（1996）。青少年因應策略量表編製報告。測驗年刊，43，241-262。
李曉蓉（1997）。青少年身體意象與自尊、沮喪相關之研究。 國立高雄師範大學教育學研究所碩士論文。
李俊良（2000）。復原力對諮商的啟示。輔導季刊，36(3)，32-36。
何仲蓉（2002）。焦點解決短期諮商對個案復原力建構之影響。彰師大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。
余瑞長（2003）。育幼機構受虐兒童之社會適應研究—以內政部北區兒童之家為例。中正大學社會福利研究所碩士論文。
余漢儀（1996）。兒童虐待兒-現象檢視與問題反省。台北：巨流。
吳秀莉（2001）。復原力對國中單親家庭學生生活適應之影響。彰化師範大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。
吳麗娟（1998）。父母自我分化、教養態度對青少年子女自我分化、因應策略及適應影響之研究。教育心理學報，30（1），91-132。宋麗玉（2002）。社會支持網絡、壓力因應與社會網絡處遇。載於宋麗玉、曾華源、施教裕、鄭麗珍著，社會工作理論-處遇模式與案例分析(pp.286-338).台北：洪葉。
林杏足（2003）。青少年自尊量表編製報告。測驗年刊，50(2)，223-256。林美李（2003）。台北市高中生憂鬱程度及其相關因素。台北護理學院護理研究所碩士論文。
林秋燕（2004）。失戀歷程及復原力展現之分析研究。高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
林俐君（2000）。育幼機構院童成長脈絡之探討—以受刑人子女為例。台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。邱一峰（1996）。國中生憂鬱傾向及其相關因素之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
周妙純、陳美珠、邱彥南、高淑芬（2003）。北台灣某育幼院受虐兒童青少年之精神病理研究。台灣精神醫學，17（2），118-133。周奕伶（2002）。焦點解決短期諮商對低自尊個案復原力之建構。彰化：彰師大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。
周慧香（1992）。社會工作過程對寄養兒童生活適應影響之研究。中國文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
紀怡如（2002）。國中生依附關係、壓力知覺與其因應策略之相關研究。屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
紀滋兒（2005）。以公共衛生觀點探討護理人員經驗SARS的復原歷程。台灣大學衛生政策與管理研究所碩士論文。
施淑芬（1990）。大學教師工作壓力、因應方式與職業倦怠之相關研究。彰化師大心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
施雅薇（2003）。國中生生活壓力、負向情緒調適、社會支持與憂鬱情緒之關聯。 國立成功 大學教育研究所碩士論文。
郭芳君（2002）。父母教養方式、自我韌性與內在性自我控制、少年偏差行為之關係研究。成功大學教育研究所碩士論文。
郭為藩（1996）。自我心理學。台北：師大書苑。郭志通（2001）。憂鬱症之診斷標準與協助治療策略。諮商與輔導，181，14-18。
郭靜姿（1986）。壓力調適對國中資優生及其前段班學生心理調適之影響。國立台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
陳杏容（2001）。青少年因應壓力行為之探討-憂鬱情緒與偏差行為。 東吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
陳昌蘭（2001）。陽光照不到的青春–憂鬱傾向青少年人際問題的歸因與因應之探究。 國 立台東師範學院教育研究所碩士論文。
陳信英（2002）。青少年單親經驗中的悲傷與復原: 生命故事敘說之研究。花蓮師範大學國民教育研究所碩士論文。
陳桂絨（2000）。復原力的發現-以安置於機構之兒少保個案為例。東吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
陳佩鈺、林杏足（2004）。高危險群青少年復原力之探討。輔導季刊，40（3），32-41。陳柏齡（2000）。國中生生活壓力、失敗容忍力與憂鬱傾向之關係研究。高雄：國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
陳坤虎（2001）。青少年自我認同與父母管教態度及自尊之關係。台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
陳惠君、宋麗玉 （2000）。單親父母之生活壓力、因應方式、社會支持與其情緒適應之相關性研究。台大社工學刊，2，1-54。
陳惠君（1998）。單親父母之生活壓力、因應方式、社會支持與其情緒適應之相關性研究-以高雄縣婦幼館向日葵聯誼會成員為例。暨南大學社會政策與社會工作系碩士論文。陳淑惠（2004）。憂鬱症的心理與病理防治-藍調心情，灰色人生。科學月刊，411，202-206。
陳毓文（2004）。少年憂鬱情緒的危險因子與保護因子之相關性研究。中華心理衛生學刊，17(4)，67-95。陳毓文（2008a）。國內接受機構安置少年憂鬱情緒之探究：問題陳顯與解釋因素。中華心理衛生學刊，21(1)，75-101。陳毓文（2008b）。國內安置少年自殘行為之探究。社會政策與社會工作學刊，12(1)，145-188。
陳錫銘（1991）。認知行為取向團體諮商對國小憂鬱兒童輔導效果的研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
陸汝斌（2002）。憂鬱症的生物病因。學生輔導，80，28-37。
彭淑華（2007）。「寧缺毋濫」？「寧濫毋缺」？兒童少年保護工作人員機構安置決策困境之研究。中華心理衛生學刊，20（2），127-154。張苙雲（1986）。社會變遷中各類社會支持系統功能的討論。行政院研究發展考核委員會，加強家庭教育促進社會和諧學術研討會論文集。
張春興（1989）。張氏心理學辭典。台北市：東華。
張春興（1999）。教育心理學-三化取向的理論與實踐。台北：東華。
張婌文（2007）。台北市少年機構安置服務之研究-以中長安置機構為例。銘傳大學公共事務學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。
張紉（2000）。青少年安置服務福利屬性之探討。台大社會工作學刊，2，191-215。楊順楠（1996）。憂鬱理論的整合研究──認知取向。國立政治大學教育學研究所碩士論文。
萬育維（1994）。高雄市不幸少年教養機構之設置規劃研究。高雄：高雄市政府社會局委託研究。
黃淑芬（1998）。國小兒童自尊發展之研究。 國立台南師範學院國民教育研究所 碩士論文。
黃碧華（2006）。台中縣兩所高中職女學生生活事件、人格特質與憂鬱症狀相關之研究。南華大學生死研究所碩士論文。
莫藜藜（1997）。受虐兒復原能力的探討：兩個保護個案的比較分析。中華心理衛生學刊，10（2），67-82。劉方（1999）。高中生負向情緒經驗之分析研究。屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
劉若蘭、陳淑惠、徐麗明（2000）。專科學生壓力因應與憂鬱、焦慮症狀之關係--以北部某護專為例。長庚護理學報，2，129-144。
劉美芝（1999）。機構安置受虐兒童社會適應之研究。中國文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。台北： 中國文化大學兒童福利研究所。
劉美淑（1994）。虐待兒童父母壓力源與壓力因應分析。東海大學社會工作研究所碩士。
劉樹斐（2000）。自尊的多面向對大學生憂鬱與攻擊行為的影響。 國立政治大學心理學研 究所碩士論文。
鄭秀足（2003）。國中生生活壓力、自尊與偏差行為之相關研究。彰化：彰化師範大學輔導與諮商所碩士論文。
鄭貴華（2001）。身體受虐兒對「家庭重聚」接受意願之探討-以內政部中部兒童之家為例。東海大學社會工作係碩士論文。
鄭照順（1997）。高壓力青少年所知覺的家庭、社會支持及其因應效能之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文。鄒浮安（1997）。著名高中學生生活壓力及其相關因素之研究。國立高雄師範大學博士論文。羅文苑（2004）。一位綜合高中學生反敗為勝的求學歷程之研究-探討其間的復原力。中正大學教育研究所碩士論文。
嚴郁心（2001）。中輟復學生復原力建構歷程之分析研究。彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
蔡宜玲（2002）。自殺意念青少年復原力行為之探討：復原力之研究。彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
蔡嘉慧（1998）。國中生的社會支持、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關研究。高雄：國立高雄師範大學研究所碩士論文。
蔡明珠（2005）。影響安置少年院內生活主觀感受因素之研究-以花蓮縣少年安置機構為例。慈濟大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
蔣桂嫚（1993）。高中學生生活壓力、因應方式與身心健康關係之研究。高雄師範大學教育研究所未發表碩士論文。
二、英文部分
Ahern,N. R.(2006).Adolescent resilience: an evolutionary concept analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 21(3),175-185.
Allen, E. C., Combs-Orme, T., Mc Carter Jr., R. T., & Grossman, L. S.(2000). Self-reported depressive symptoms in school-age children at the time of entry foster care. Ambulatory Child Health, 6, 45-57.
Anthony, E. J.(1974). The syndrome of the psychologically invulnerable child. In E. J. Anthony, & C. Koupernik(Eds).The Child in His Family: Children at Psychiatric Risk, N.Y.: Wiley.
Armacost, R. L.(1989).Perceptions of stress by high school student. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4(4), 443-461.
Aroian, K. J., & Norris, A. E. (2000). Resilience, stress, and depression among Russian immigrants to Israel. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 22(1), 54-67.
Aroian, K.J., Schappler-Morris, N., Neary, S., Spitzer, A., & Tran, T.V. (1997). Psychometric evaluation of the Russian language version of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 5, 151-164.
Basch, C. E., & Kersch, T. B.(1986).Adolescent perceptions of stressful life events.Health Education, June-July, 4-7.
Barker, P. B.(1992). Severe Depression. Great Britain: St. Edmundsbury.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. S., Emery, G.(1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York：Guilford.
Beckham, E.,& Leber, W. R.(1995). Cognitive theory and therapy. Handbook of Depression(2nd ed.). N. Y.: The Guilford Press.
Beardslee, W. R., Versage, E. M., & Gladstone, T. R. G. (1998).Children of affectively ill parents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 1134–1141.
Bell,J. M.(1977). Stressful life events and coping methods in mental-illness and wellness behaviors. Nursing Research,26(2),136-41.
Bell, C. C., & Suggs, H. (1998). Using sports to strengthen resiliency in children. Sport Psychiatry, 7, 859–865.
Black, C., & Ford-Gilboe, M. (2004). Adolescent mother: resilience, family health work and health-promoting practices. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(4), 351-360.
Blum, R. W. (1998). Healthy youth development as a model for youth health promotion. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22,368– 375.
Branden, N. (1994). The Six Pillars of Self-Esteem. N. Y.: Bantam Books.
Brownell, A., & Shumaker, SA (1984).Social support: An introduction to a complex phenome- non. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 1-9.
Brown, J. D., & Dutton, K. A. (1995). The thrill of victory, the complexity of defeat: Self-esteem and people's emotional reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 712-722.
Brown,B.B., Feiring, C.,&Furman,W.(1999).Missing the love boat: why researchers have shied awary from adolescent romance. In W. Furman, B.B. Brown,&C. Feiring(Eds). The Development of Romantic relationships in adolescence (pp1-16). N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978). Social Origins of Depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women. London: Routledge.
Burns, B. J., Phillips, S., Wagner, R., Burth, R., Kollo, D., & Campell, Y.(2004). Mental health needs and access to mental health services by youths involved with child welfare: a national survey. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(8), 960-983.
Cantwell, D. P.,& Baker, L.(1991).Manifestations of depression affect in adolescence Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 121-133.
Carbonell, D. M., Reinherz, H. Z., & Giaconia, R. M. (1998). Risk and resilience in late adolescence. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 15, 251–272.
Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2003). Experience of life hassles and psychological adjustment among adolescents: does it make a difference if one is optimistic or pressimistic? Personality and Individual Differences, 34,867-879.
Ciccheti, D.,& Granezy, N. (1993). Prospects and promises in the study of resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 497-502.
Ciccheti, D.,& Rogosch,F. A.(1997). The role of self-organization in the promotion of resilience in maltreated children. Development and Psychopathology,9（4）, 799-817.
Clausen, J. M., Dresser, K. L., Rosenblat, A., & Atkisson, C. C. (1998). Impact of child and adolescent service system program in California: perceptions of families and service providers. Journal of Emotional Behavioral Disorders, 6(20),114-123.
Cobb, S.(1976). Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38( 5) ,300-314.
Cohen, S., & Edwards, J. R.(1989). Personality characteristics as moderators of the relationship between stress and disorder. In R. W. J. Neufeld(Ed.) Advances in the investigation of psychological stress(pp.235-283). New York: John Wiley.
Cohen, S., & Will, T. A.(1985).Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Copeland, E. P.(1993).Stress and coping efficacy during adolescence. Paper presented at the meeting of International Symposium on Guidance Strategies and Effectiveness.
Compas, B.E., Hinden, B.R., & Gerhardt, C.A. (1995). Adolescent Development: Pathways and processes of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 46,265-293.
Compas,B. E., Howell, D.C., Phares, V., Williams, R.A., & Giunta,C.T.(1989). Risk factors for emotional/behavioral problem in young adolescents: a prospective analysis of adolescent and parental stress and symptoms. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology,57,732-740.
Conner-Smith, J. K., Compas, B. E., Wadsworth, M. E., Thomsen, A. H., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Responses to stress in adolescence: measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 976-992.
Coopersmith, S. (1976). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco：Freeman.
Cowen, E. L., Wyman, P. A., & Work, W. C. (1996). Resilience in highly stressed urban children: Concepts and findings. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 73, 267–284.
Criss, M. M., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Lapp, A.L. (2002). Family adversity, positive peer relationships and children’s externalizing behavior: A longitudinal perspective on risk and resilience. Child Development, 73, 1220–1237.
Currie, E. (2003). It’s our lives they’re dealing with here: some adolescent views of residential treatment. Journal of Drug Issues, 33(4), 833-864.
Daniel, B. Wassell, S., & Gilligan, R. (1999). It’s just common sense, isn’t it? Exploring ways of putting the theory of resilience into action. Adaption and Fostering, 23(3), 6-15.
Dinnage, R. & Pringle, M. L.(1967). Residential child care, facts and fallacies: A review of research in the United States, Western Europe, Israel and Great Britain between 1948 and 1966. N.Y.: Humanities Press.
Dumont, M., & Provost, M. A. (1999). Resilience in adolescents: Protective role of social support, coping strategies, self-esteem, and social activities on experience of stress and depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 343–363.
Egeland, B. R., Carlson, E., & Sroufe, L. A. (1993).Resilience as a process. Development & Psychopathology,5(4), 517–528.
Ebata, A. T., & Moos, R. H. (1995). Personal, situational, and contextual correlates of coping in adolescence. Journal of Research Adolescent,4,99-125.
Edri,R. & McManus,P.(1998). Risk and resiliency factors for violence. Pediatric Clinical North American,45,293-305.
Everall, R. D., Altrows, K. J., & Paulson, B. L.(2006). Creating a future: a study of resilience in suicidal female adolescents. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 461-470.
Epstein, S. (1983). The unconscious, the preconscious, and the self-concept. In J. Suls & A. Greenwald (Eds.). Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 2, p. 219-247). Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum.
Ezzell, C. E., Swenson, C. C., & Brondino, M. J. (2002). The relationship of social support to physically abused children’s adjustment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(5),641-651.
Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M.A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399-419.
Fergusson, D. M., & Lynskey, M. T. (1996). Adolescent resiliency to family adversity. Journal of Child Psychology, 37,281–292.
Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R.S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170.
Fraser,M. W., Richman,J. M., & Galinsky, M.J.(1999).Risk, protection, and resilience: toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social Work Research, 23(3),131-142.
Friman, D. C.,, Osgood, D. W., Smith, G., Shanahan, D., Thompson, R. W., Larzelere, R., & Daly, D. L.(1996). A longitudinal evaluation of prevalent negative beliefs about residential placement for troubled adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24(3), 299-324.
Garmezy, N. (1993). Children in poverty: Resilience despite risk. Psychiatry, 56, 127–136.
Garmezy, N. (1985).Stress resistant children: the research for protective factors. In J. Stevenson(Ed.). Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Garmezy,N.(1974). The study of competence in children at risk for severe psychopathology. In E.J. Anthony & C. Koupernik（Eds.）, The child in his family: Children at psychiatric risk（Vol.3,p547）. N. Y.:Wiley.
Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97–111.
Garrison, C. Z., Waller, J.L., Cuffe, S.P., Mckeown, R.E., Addy, C.L., & Jackson,, K.L. (1997). Incidence of major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,36, 458-465.
Goldberg,D. (2006). The actology of depression. Psychology medicine, 36,1341-1347.
Gottlieb, B. H. (1983). Social support as a focus or integrative research in psychology. American Psychologist, 38, 278-287.
Hage, S. M., & Nosanow, M. (2000). Becoming Stronger at Broken Places: A Model for Group Work with Young Adult from Divorced Families. Paper presented at the Special topic: Psychoeducational Group Work.
Hammen, C., & Rudolph, K. D. (1996). Childhood depression. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 153-195). New York: Guilford Press.
Hampel, P., & Petermann, F. (2005). Age and gender effects on coping in children and adolescents. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 34, 73-83.
Hauser, S. T. (1999). Understanding resilient outcomes: Adolescent lives across time and generations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9, 1–24.
Hawkins-Rodgers, Y. (2007). Adolescents adjusting to a group home environmrnt: a residential care model of re-organizing attachment behavior and building resiliency. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 1131-1141.
Helsen, M., Vollebergh, W., & Meeus, W.(2000). Social support from parents and friends and emotional problems in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(3), 319-335.
Heller, S. S., Larrieu, J. A., d’Imperio, R., & Boris, N. W. (1999).Research on resilience to child maltreatment: Empirical considerations. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 321–338.
Higgins, G.O. (1994). Resilient adults: Overcoming a cruel past. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hotfmann, J. P. & Su, S. S.(1998). Stressful life events and adolescent substance use and depression: Conditional and gender differentiated effects. Substance use & Misuse, 38(11),2219-2262.
Hollister-Wagner, G. H., Foshee, V. A., & Jackson, C. (2001). Adolescent aggression: Models of resiliency. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 445–566.
Howard, S., & Johnson, B. (2000). What makes the difference?Children and teachers talk about resilient outcomes for children “at risk.” Educational Studies, 26, 321–337.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
Humberg, B. A.(1981).Early adolescence：A specific and stressful stage of the life cycle,coping and adaptation. New York：Basic Books.
Humphrey,J.(2003).Resilience in sheltered battered woman. Issues in Mental Health Nursing,24,137-152.
Hunter, A. J. (2001). A cross cultural comparison of resilience in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 16, 172– 179.
Hunter, A. J. & Chandler, G. E.(1999). Adolescent resilience. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(3), 243-247.
Jacelon, C. S.(1997). The trait and process of resilience. Journal of advanced Nursing, 25, 123-129.
Jew,L.C.,Green,K.E.,Kroger,J.(1999). Development and validation of a measure of resiliency. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 32(2),75-89.
Johnsson, J., & Anderson, B. (2000). Living in residential care: experiences in a treatment home for adolescents in Sweden. Child Youth Care Forum, 35, 305-318.
Johnson, J. H. & McCutcheon, S. M.(1980). Assessing life stress in older children and adolescent: Preliminary findings with life events Checklist. In I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger(Eds.), Stress and Anxiety. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Kadushin, A. (1980). Child welfare services. New York： Macmillan.
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpela, M., Rantanen, P., Laippala, P.(2001). Adolescent depression: the role of discontinuities in life course and social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 64,155-166.
Kaplan & Stein, 1984, Stress,Health and School teachers：A comparison with other professions. Cambridge of Journal Education, 10(3), 154-159.
Kashani,J.H., Rosenberg, T.K.,&Reid,J.C.(1989). Development perspective in child and adolescent depressive symptoms in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry,146,871-875.
Kessler, R. C., & Walters, E. E. (1998). Epidemiology of DSM-III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the National Comorbidity Survey. Depression & Anxiety, 7, 3-14.
Klein, D. N., Arnow, B. A., Barkin, J. L., Dowling, F. , Kocsis, J. H., Leon, A. C., ….,Wisniewski, S. R.(2009). Early adversity in chronic depression: clinical correlates respone to pharmacotherapy. Depression & Anxiety, 26, 701-710.
King, C. A., Naylor, M. W., Segal, H. G., Evan, M.S., & Shain B. N.( 1993). Grobal self-worth, specific self-perceptions of competence, and depression in adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(4), 745-752.
Konrad, K., & J. Bronson(1997). Handling difficult times and learning resiliency. Paper presented at Annual AEE International Conference Proceedings.(EDRS ED414139)
Krause, N.(1987). Life stress, social support, and self-esteem in an elderly population. Psychology and Aging, 2,349-356.
Lazarus, R. S.(1991). Emotion and Adaptation. New York : Oxford University Press.
Lazarus , R. S.(1976). Patterns of adjustments. New York：McGraw Hill
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S.(1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. N.Y.：Springer Publishing Company.
Lazarus, R. S.,& Launier, R.(1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin & M. Lewis(Eds.), Perspectives in international psychology(p287 – 327). New York: Plenum.
Larsson, B., Melin, L., Breitholtz, E., & Andersson, G. (1991). Short-term stability of depressive symptoms and suicide attempts in Swedish adolescents. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 83, 385-390.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. R., Rohde, P., Gotlib, I. H., & Hops, H. (1994). Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression, 103(2), 302-315.
LI, C., Johnson, N. P., & Leopard, K. (2001). Risk factors for depression among adolescents living in group homes in South Californian. Journal of Health and Social Policy,13(2), 41-59.
Lin,N.(1986). Conceptualizing social support. In N. Lin, A. Dean,& Ensel(Eds.), Social support, life events, and depression. Orlando, FI.:Academic Press, Inc.
Lloyd,C.(1995). Understanding social support within the context of theory and research on the relationship of life stress and mental health. In T.S. Brugha(Ed.), Social support and psychiatric disorder(p.41-60). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Luthar, S. S.(1999). Poverty and Children´s adjustment. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct ofresilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.Child Development, 71, 543–562.
Luthar, S., Doernberger, C., & Zigler, E. (1993). Resilience is not a unidimensional construct: Insights from a prospective study of inner-city adolescents. Development Psychopathology, 5, 703-717.
Luthar, S. S. & Zelazo, L. B. (2003). Research on resilience: An integrative review. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (p. 510-549). New York: Cambridge.
Luthar, S., & Zigler, E. (1991). Vulnerability and competence: A review of research on resilience in childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 6-22.
Mandleco, B. L. &Peery, J. C.(2000).An organizational framework for conceptualizing resilience in children. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 13(3),99-111.
Mann, M., Hosman, C. M. H., Schaalma, H. P., & Vries, N. K. (2004). Self-esteem in a broad-spectum approach for mental health promotion. Health Education Research, 19(4), 357-372.
Masten,A.S., & Coatsworth,J. D.(1998).The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53, 205-220.
Masten,A. S., Hubbard,J. J., Gest,S.D.,Tellegen, A., Garmezy,N., & Ramirez, M. (1999).Competence in the context of adversity: pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 143-169.
Markstrom, C. A., Marshall, S. K., & Tryon, R. J. (2000). Resiliency, social support, and coping in rural low-income Appalachian adolescents from two racial groups. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 693– 703.
McCutcheon, V., Heath, A. C, Nelson, E. C., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A., Martin, N. G. (2009). Accumulation of trauma over time and risk for depression in a twin sample. Psychology Medicine, 39, 431-441.
McFarlane, A. C. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of the longitudinal course and the role of risk factors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,61(5), 15–23.
McFarlane, A. H., Bellissimo, A., Norman, G. R., Lange, P.(1994). Adolescent depression in a school-based community sample: Preliminary findings on contributing social factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(6), 601-620.
McMillen, J. C., Zima, B. T., Scott, L. D., Auslander, W. F., Munson, M.R., Ollie, M. T. & Spitznagel, E. L.(2005). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older youths in the foster care system. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 88-95.
McWey, L. M. (2004). Predictors of attachment styles of children in foster care: an attachment theory model for working with families. Journal of Martial and Family Therapy, 30(4), 439-452.
Meadow, S. O., Brown, J. S., & Elder, G. H. (2006). Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and adolescence, 35(1), 93-103.
Meyer , B.E., & Hokanson, J. E. （1985）.Situational influences on social behaviors of depression prone individuals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41（1）, 29-34.
Moran, P. B.,& Eckenrode, J.(1992). Protective personality characteristics among adolescent victims of maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect,16,743-754.
Morsi, D. (1998). Adolescent exposure to violence: Antecedents and consequences. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts/Amherst.
Muris, P., Schmidt, H., Lambrichs, R. & Meesters, C. (2001). Protective and vulnerability factors of depression in normal adolescents. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39, 555-565.
Newcomb, M. D., Huba, G. J., & Bentler, P. M.(1981).A multidimensional assessment of stressful life events among adolescents：Derivation and correlates. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 400-415.
Neill, J. T., & Dias, K. L.(2001). Adventure education and resilience: the double-edged sword. Journal of adventure education of outdoor learning,1(2),35-42.
Norem-Hebeisen, A. A.(1976). A multidimensional construct of self-esteem. Journal of educational psychology,68(5),559-65.
Olsson, C. A., Bond, L., Burns, J. M., Vella-Brodrick, D. A., & Sawyer, S. M. (2003). Adolescent resilience: A concept analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 1–11.
Olsson,G. I., Nordstorm, M. C.(1999). Adolescent depression: social network and family climate- a case control study. Journal Child Psychology Psychiatry, 40(2), 227-237.
Palosaari, U. K., & Aro, H. M.(1995). Parental divorce, self-esteen and depression: an intimate relationship as a protective factor in young adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 35,91-96.
Parr, G. D., Montgomery, M.,& DeBell,C. (1998). Flow theory as a model for enhancing student resilience. Professional School Counseling ,1(5),26-31.
Paykel, E. S.(1979).Casual relationships between clinical depression and life events. In J. E. Barrett, R.M. Rose, & G. L. Klerman(Eds). Stress and Mental Disorder(p71-86). N.Y.: Raven Press.
Perry, B. L.(2006). Understanding social network disruption: the case of youth in foster care. Social Problems, 53, 371-391.
Pertersen, A. C., & Spigan, R.(1982).Adolescence and Stress. In L. Goldberger, & S.Breznitz(Eds.), Handbook of Stress(pp.515-528). New York：The Free Press.
Pinquart, M. (2009). Moderating effects of dispositional resilience on associations between hassles and psychological distress. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 53-60.
Place,M., Reynolds, J., Cousins, A.,& O´Neill(2002). Developing a resilience package for vulnerable children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health,7(4),162-167.
Pollard, J. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Arthur, M. W.(1999).Risk and protection: are both necessary to understand diverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence? Social Work Research, 23, 145-158.
Pearline, L. I. & Schooler, C.(1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2-21.
Pumariega, A.J., Johhson, S. P., & Sheridan, D. (1995). Emotional disturbance substance abuse in youth placed in residential group home. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 22(4), 426-432.
Richardson, G. E.(2002). The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology,58(3),p307-321.
Radloff, L. S.( 1977). The CES-D Scale：A self-report depression scale for research in general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
Rak, C., & Patterson, L. (1996). Promoting resilience in at-risk children. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 368-373.
Reading, R., & Reynolds, S. (2001). Debt, social disadvantage and maternal depression. Social Science and Medicine, 53(4), 441–453.
Reinherz, H. Z., Giaconia, R. M., Lefkowitz, E. S., Pakiz, B., & Frost, A. K. (1993). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a community population of order adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 369-377.
Rew, L., & Horner, S. D. (2003). Youth resilience framework for reducing health-risk behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 18, 379– 388.
Rew, L., Taylor-Seehafer, M., Thomas, N. Y., & Yockey, R. D. (2001). Correlates of resilience in homeless adolescents.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33, 33– 43.
Richman, J. M., & Fraser, M. W. (2001). Resilience in childhood:The role of risk and protection. In J. M. Richman & M. W. Fraser(Eds.), The context of youth violence: Resilience, risk, and protection (pp. 1–12). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Rhodes, J. E., Haight, W. L., &Briggs, E.C.(1999).The influence of mentoring on the peer relationships of foster youth in relative and nonrelative care. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9 ,185-202.
Rosenberg, M.(1965).Society and the adolescent self-image. USA: Princeton Unversity Press.
Rouse, K. A. (2001). Resilient students’ goals and motivation. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 461– 472.
Rouse, K. A., & Ingersoll, G. M. (1998). Longitudinal health endangering behavior risk among resilient and nonresilient early adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 297– 302.
Rudolph, K. D., Hammen, C., Burge, D., Lindberg, N., Herzberg, D.,& Daley, S. E. (2000). Toward an international life-stress model of depression: the development context of stress generation. Development and Psychopathology, 12(2), 215-234.
Rutter, M. (2001). Psychosocial adversity: Risk, resilience and recovery.In J. M. Richman & M. W. Fraser (Eds.), The context of youth violence:Resilience, risk, and protection (pp. 13–41). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Rutter, M. (2000). Children in substitute care: some conceptual considerations and research implications. Children and Youth Services Review, 22(9/10), 685-703.
Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14, 626– 631.
Rutter, M.(1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J. Rolf, A.S. Masten, D.Cicchetti, K.H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub(Eds.). Risk and Protective factors in the Development of Psychopathology(p.181-214). Cambridge England: Cambridge Unviersity Press.
Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331.
Rutter,M.(1986).Depressive feelings, cognitions, and disorders ： A research postscript. In M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, & P. B. Read(Eds.), Depression in young people (pp.3-32). New York：Guilford Press.
Rutter, M.(1979).Protective factors in children´s response to stress and disadvantage. In Kent, M. W. and Rolf, J. E.(eds). Primary Prevention of Psychopathology, Vol.3 Social Competence in Children(pp49-74).Henniker, University of New England.
Salazar, A. M., Keller, T. E., & Courtney, M. E. (2011).Understanding social support’s role in the relationship between maltreatment and depression in youth with foster care experience. Child Maltreatment, 16(2),102-113.
Schwartz, A.,& Schwartz, R. (1993). Depression: theories and treatment. New York: Columbia University Press.
Seiffge-Krenke, I. (1995). Stress, Coping and Relationships in Adolescence. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Shalev, A. Y. (2002). Acute stress reactions in adults.Biology and Psychiatry, 51(7), 532–543.
Siegel, J. M., & Brown, J. D. (1988). A prospective study of stressful circumstance, illness symptoms, and depressed mood among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 24(5), 715-721.
Skehill,C. M.(2001).Resilience, coping with an extended stay outdoor education program, and adolescent mental health. The Degree of Honours in Applied Psychology at the University of Canberra, October 22.
Smith, C., & Carlson, B. E. (1997). Stress, coping, and resilience in children and youth. Social Service Review, 71, 231–256.
Smokowski, P. R., Reynolds, A. J., & Bezruczko, N. (1999). Resilience and protective factors in adolescence: An autobiographical perspective from disadvantaged youth. Journal of School Psychology, 37, 425–448.
Son, S., & Kirchner, J. (2000). Depression in children and adolescents. American Family Physician, 62(10),2297-2311.
Stuart, H. (2006).Psychosocial risk clustering in high school students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 498-507.
Sebastian, S. F.(1989). Loneliness and coping skills of international students. The University of Toledo, Ph.D.
Teri, L. (1982). Depression in adolescence: its relationship to assertion and various aspects of self-image. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 11, 101-106.
Terry, D.(1991). Coping resources and situational appraisals as predictors of coping behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 12: 1031-1047. 34
Troits, P.A.(1986). Support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 98,468-477.
Tusaie, K., & Dyer, J. (2004). Resilience: A historical review of the construct. Holistic Nursing Practice, 18(1), 3-10.
VanBerijk, E. D., & McGowan, B. G. (2001). Children in foster care. In A. Gitterman(Ed.). Handbook of Social Work Practice with Vulnerable and Resilient Population(pp399-434). New York: Columbia University Press.
Vitaliano, P. P., DeWolfe, D. J., Maiuro, R. D., Russo, J., & Katon, W. (1990). Appraised changeability of stressor as a modifier of the relationship between coping and depression: A test of the hypothesis of fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(3), 585-592.
Veiel, H.O.F.(1985). Dimensions of social support: a conceptual framework for research. Social Psychiatry, 20,156-162.
Vinson, J. A.(2002).Children with asthma: initial development of the child resilience model: Practice applications of research. Pediatric Nursing, 28,149-158.
Wagnild, G., & Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resiliency Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178.
Wagnild, G.(2009). A review of the resilience scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 17(2), 105-113.
Walsh, F. (2002). A family resilience framework: Innovative practice applications. Family Relations, 51, 130–137.
Wasonga, T., Christman, D. E.,&Kilmer,L.(2003). Ethnicity, gender and age: predicting resilience and academic achievement among urban high school students. American Secondary Education, 32(1), 62-74.
Wayman, J. C. (2002). The utility of educational resilience for studying degree attainment in school droupouts. Journal of Educational Research, 95(3), 167-178.
Weiss, A. R.(1977). Characteristics of successful weight reducers: a brief review of predictor variable. Addictive Behaviors,2 ,193-201.
Wells, L. E.,& Marwell, G.(1976). Self-Esteem: Its Conceptualization and Measurement. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Wells, R. D., & Schwebel, A. I. (1987). Chronically ill children and their mothers: Predictors of resilience and vulnerability to hospitalization and surgical stress. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 18, 83-89.
Werner, E. E. (1995). Resilience in development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 81–85.
Werner, E. E. (1992). The children of Kauai: Resiliency and recovery in adolescence and adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 13, 262-268.
Werner, E. E., & Smith, R.(2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: risk, resilience and recovery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Werner, E. E., & Smith, R.(1992).Overcoming the odds: high risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Williams, N.R., Davey,M.,&Klock-Powell, K.(2003).Rising from the ashes: stories of recovery, adaptation and resiliency in burn survivors. Social Work in Health Care,36(4),53-77.
Williamson, D. E., Birmacher, B., Anderson, B. P., Al-Shabbout, M., & Ryan, N. D. (1995). Stressful life events in depressed adolescents: the role of dependent events during the depressive episode. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(5), 591-598.
Winters, N. C., Myers, K.,& Proud, L. (2002). Ten-year review of rating scales. III: scales assessing suicidality, cognitive style, and self-esteem. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry , 41:1150-1181.
Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of enthnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Pediatrics, 71, 1197-1232.
Wright, M. O., Masten, A. S., Northwood, A. & Hubbard, J. J. (1997). Long-term effects of massive trauma: Developmental and psychobiological perspectives. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds.). Developmental perspectives on trauma: Theory, research and intervention (pp. 181-225). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Wyman, P. A., Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., & Kerley, J. H. (1993). The role of children’s future expectations in self system functioning and adjustment to life stress: A prospective study of urban at-risk children. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 649–661.
Yeaworth, R. C., York, J., Hussey, M. A., Ingle, M. E., & Goodwin, T. (1980). The development of an adolescent life change event scale. Adolescence, 15, 91-97.
Ziller, R., Hagey,J., Smith, M. & Long,B.(1969). Self-esteem: a self-social construct. Journal of Consulting and Psychology, 33, 84-95.