〈 《老子》文本中的認知圖式〉嘗試藉《老子》的語言操作模式探索其認知方式，以闡明其面對事物、處理事務的智慧，及此一智慧的傳遞方式。因為語言即眾多事務之一，因此人們操作語言之態度應與操作事務之態度相同，故而是語言的操作而非語言的敘述直接表現了《老子》操作事物的態度，使得《老子》的認知內涵與規律得以彰明。文章首先分析《老子》文本中「正言若反」的語言操作模式，然後據此推測《老子》「正若反」的認知圖式；其次則觀察王弼操作語言的表現，在《老子》「文雖五千，貫之者一」的前提下，王弼以其靈活不拘的詭辭、詭注與詭辯肯定了《老子》認知圖式在歷史上的傳遞與作用。於是在哲學與歷史的途徑之外，本文另從符號操作的角度探索了《老子》深沈的意識世界，從而建立了一條以經典文本的表現為基礎的文化研究新徑。

This paper aims to uncover the "cognitive schema" of Lao Tzu by investigating its pattern of linguistic operation. By doing so, we hope to shed new light on both the text's views on human affairs and the ways it proposes to transmit wisdom. We begin with the proposition that since language is part and parcel of the multi-faceted human affairs, there must be a certain logical accordance between one's views on the operation of language and one's attitudes towards the operation of human affairs. In line with this proposition, our study of Lao Tzu contends that it is not the expressive statements them-selves, but the pattern in which language is operated, that truly bespeaks the text's attitude towards human affairs. This pattern also reveals the contents and rules of what we call the "cognitive schema" of Lao Tzu. We try to bring forth this schema through a close examination of the text's zhengyan ruofan ( 正言若反 ) pattern of linguistic operation. We further provide a discussion of Wang Bi ( 226-249 ), who was deeply influenced by Lao Tzu, to elaborate both the contents and the historical significance of this schema. In the end, with this study we wish to demonstrate a new approach, vis-á-vis the conventional philosophical and historical ones, to the study of classical Chinese texts.