葉石濤所生長的日治時代，是原鄉與與帝國神話二者並存的社會。耆老的原鄉是一種他者的歷史，而帝國神話則透過日本制式教育深入年青葉石濤的意識形態，這兩者的交揉讓他在壯年時標舉了「臺灣意識」，並成為他文學生命裡奉行的規臬。本文主要探討葉石濤「臺灣意識」的形成及實踐，先論其形成，再論其實踐方式。從葉石濤的生命歷程談起，由年輕的葉石濤浸沉的日治社會及其戰後所面臨的社會變化，來探討葉石濤「臺灣意識」的形成，並了解其如何將壯年時確立的臺灣意識實踐於《臺灣文學史綱》這部文學史綱中。

Ye Shi-Tao grew up in a Japanese-ruled period which maintained a society with the original homeland and myth of empire. The primitive original homeland is “Other History” that Ye had known its existence but the ruler forbad the colonized people to learn about, and in the same time the Japanese formal education interiorized the myth of empire into his ideology. Because of the mix of the both conditions, Ye pioneered “Taiwan consciousness” in the prime of his life and advocated in his literary life. This article focuses on the forming and effectuation of Ye’s “Taiwan Consciousness.” At first, it will lead readers to understand how Ye’s theory formed, and then showed readers what the methods that Ye used to complete his theory were. Finally, readers can realize why Ye confirmed “Taiwan Consciousness” between the Japanese-ruled period in Taiwan and the social change in Taiwan after WWII. Under such writing process, readers will learn about Ye’s life course and apprehend how Ye carried “Taiwan Consciousness” out in his book, a History of Taiwanese Literature.