「勉強出勤」（presenteeism）係描述儘管身體疾病造成不適，或長時間工作造成疲倦，工作者仍出勤或持續工作的行為。本文以勉強出勤的發軔為起點，將發展階段分為漠視期與萌芽期，及至目前的初步探索階段。我們回顧學者對勉強出勤的定義與測量，彙整實徵研究以窺探勉強出勤的前因與後果。勉強出勤現有的文獻數量不多且來自不同領域，主要為醫療、護理與心理健康等，少有學者從組織與人力資源管理的觀點來進行相關研究。在綜觀文獻後，本文針對西方研究進行反思與批判，認為其主要有三大缺陷：定義混淆、缺乏測量工具、及缺乏統整性的理論架構。本文最後提出了未來可能的研究發展方向與建議，包含研究方法的突破與多元觀點的整合，並以華人文化脈絡為視框，審視在重視關係與追求人際和諧的文化薰陶下，華人對勤勉敬業的讚許，對工作者勉強出勤行為的影響，據此建議未來研究方向與本土管理意涵，希冀有助勉強出勤研究在台灣的開展與深化。

In the current climate of global economic depression, presenteeism, the opposite of absenteeism, is becoming more prevalent in the workplace. Although some definitional confusion persists, the most recent scholarly conception of presenteeism involves showing up for work when one is ill. The purpose of this paper is to review the presenteeism literature and to trace the latest development of presenteeism research. Based on existing empirical research from different disciplines, such as medical, nursing and health psychology fields, we delineated antecedents and consequences of presenteeism. We also identified some challenges and limitations in this research area, including confusions in definition, lack of reliable scales and adequate theoretical frameworks. Finally, we proposed several directions for future research, including integrating different theoretical perspectives and research methodologies. Moreover, we focused on the future directions for research on presenteeism in Taiwan to delineate its cultural relevance. It is hoped that the continuous interaction between the management practice and theoretical development of research on presenteeism would help to build a healthy work environment.