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題名:專家與生手間問題解決能力的差異及其在教學上的啟示
書刊名:教育研究資訊
作者:王春展
作者(外文):Wang, Chun-chan
出版日期:1997
卷期:5:2
頁次:頁80-92
主題關鍵詞:專家生手問題解決問題表徵解題策略ExpertNoviceProblem solvingProblem representationSolution strategy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(8) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:8
  • 共同引用共同引用:319
  • 點閱點閱:136
     本文旨在探討專家與生手間問題解決能力的差異,藉此瞭解並歸納專家的問題解決策咯,提供在教學上的參考與應用。文中簡述問題解決的基本概念,並歸納整理專家與生手間問題解決能力的差異現象,從文獻中可發現專家與生手間的問題解決能力的確有所差異,專家無論在「基模:先前知識與經驗」、 「知識的組織」、「問題表徵」和「解題策略」上,都明顯優於生手,值得教育界重視與參考應用。在教導生手學生成為專家問題解決者的策略應用上,建議採用:提供豐富的知識基礎訓練、教導問題解決技能、強調問題解決歷程、期望產生特定學習遷移、設計合適的課程與情境等方法,以便幫助學生順利成為專家式問題解決者。
期刊論文
1.Larkin, J. H.、McDermott, J.、Simon, D. P.、Simon, H. A.(1980)。Expert and novice performance in solving physics problems。Science,208,1335-1342。  new window
2.Schoenfeld, A. H.、Herrmann, D. J.(1982)。Problem perception and knowledge structure in expert and novice mathematical problem solvers。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,8(5),484-494。  new window
3.Egan, D. E.、Schwartz, B. J.(1979)。Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings。Memory and Cognition,7(2),149-158。  new window
4.Chase, William G.、Simon, Herbert A.(1973)。Perception in chess。Cognitive Psychology,4(1),55-81。  new window
5.Chi, M. T. H.、Feltovich, P. J.、Glaser, R.(1981)。Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices。Cognitive Science,5(2),121-152。  new window
6.鄭晉昌(19930900)。電腦輔助學習的新教學設計觀--認知學徒制。教育資料與圖書館學,31(1),55-66。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Brown, A. L.、Kane, A. J.(1988)。Preschool children can learn to transfer: Learning to learn and learning from example。Cognitive Psychology,12,493-528。  new window
8.Hardiman, P. T.、Durfresne, R.、Mestre, J. P.(1989)。The relation between problem categorization and problem solving among experts and novices。Memory & Cognition,17(5),627-638。  new window
9.Novick, L. R.(1988)。Analogical transfer, problem similarity, and expertise。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory, and cognition,14(3),510-520。  new window
10.Scardamalia, M.、Breiter, C.、Steinbach, R.(1984)。Teachability of reflective processes in written composition。Cognitive Science,8,173-190。  new window
11.Splich, G. J.、Vesoner, G. T.、Chiesi, H. L.、Voss, J. F.(1979)。Text processing of domain- related information for individuals with high and low domain knowledge。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,18,275-290。  new window
12.Sternberg, R. J.(1977)。Component processes in analogical reasoning。Psychological Review,84(4),353-378。  new window
13.Tudor, M. T.(1992)。Expert and novice differences in strategies to problem solve an environmental issue。Contempoary Educational Psychology,17,329-339。  new window
14.Perkins, D. N.、Salomon, G.(1989)。Are cognitive skills context-bound?。Educational Researcher,18(1),16-25。  new window
15.Bransford, J. D.、Sherwood, R. D.、Vye, N.、Rieser, J.(1986)。Teaching thinking and problem solving: Suggestions from research。American Psychologist,41(10),1078-1089。  new window
16.Shavelson, R. J.(1972)。Some aspects of the correspondence between content structure and cognitive structure in physics instruction。Journal of Educational Psychology,63(3),225-234。  new window
17.Brown, John Seely、Collins, Allan、Duguid, Paul(1989)。Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning。Educational Researcher,18(1),32-42。  new window
18.黃幸美(19950500)。類比推理思考及其在教學上之應用。教育研究資訊,3(3),128-142。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.Glaser, R.(1990)。The reemergence of learning theory within instructional research。American Psychologist,45(1),29-39。  new window
會議論文
1.Heller, J. I.、Greeno, J. G.(1979)。Information processing analyses of mathematical problem solving。The Applied Problem Solving Conference。Evanston, IL。  new window
圖書
1.Reed, S. K.(1992)。Cognition: Theory and applications。Pacific Grove, Ca:Brooks/Cole。  new window
2.Solso, Robert L.、黃希庭、李文權、張慶林(1992)。認知心理學。臺北:五南書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.Anderson, J. R.(1990)。Cognition pychology and its implication。New York:W. H. Freeman and Company。  new window
4.Barsalou, L. W.(1992)。Cognitive psychology: An overview for cognitive scientists。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers。  new window
5.Mayer, R. E.(1987)。Educational psychology: A cognitive approach。HarperCollins Publishers。  new window
6.Best, John B.、黃秀瑄、林瑞欽(1991)。認知心理學。臺北:師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
7.Hayes, J. R.(1981)。The complete problem solver。Philadelphia, PA:Franklin Institute。  new window
8.Kahney, H.(1993)。Problem solving: Current issues。Open University Press。  new window
9.Solso, R. L.(1991)。Cognitive psychology。Needham Heights, MA。  new window
10.Mayer, Richard E.、林清山(1992)。教育心理學:認知取向。臺北:遠流出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.鍾聖校(1992)。認知心理學。台北:心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.Glass, A. L.、Holyoak, K. J.(1986)。Cognition。New York, NY:Random House。  new window
13.鄭麗玉(1993)。認知心理學:理論與應用。台北:五南。  延伸查詢new window
14.鄭昭明(1993)。認知心理學:理論與實踐。桂冠圖書股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
單篇論文
1.Johnson, S. D.(1988)。A cognitive analysis of expert and novice troubleshooting performance,Champaign, IL:Department of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Illinois。  new window
圖書論文
1.Greeno, J. G.(1978)。A study of problem solving。Advances in Instructional Psychology。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
2.Gardner, M. K.(1985)。Cognitive psychology approaches to instructional task analysis。Review of research in education。Washington, DC:AERA。  new window
3.Voss, J. F.、Greene, T. R.、Post, T. A.、Penner, B. C.(1983)。Problem solving skills in the social science。The Psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research theory。New York:Academic。  new window
4.Hayes, J. R.(1985)。Three problems in teaching general skills。Thinking and learning skills: Volume 2, Research and open questions。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
5.Rumelhart, D. E.、Norman, D. A.(1988)。Representation in memory。Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology: Vol. 2. Learning and cognition。New York:Wiley。  new window
6.Simon, H. A.(1980)。Problem Solving and Education。Problem Solving and Education: Issues in Teaching and Research。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbarm Associates。  new window
 
 
 
 
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