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題名:「道德臉面」威脅對選擇求助對象及考量因素的影響
作者:韓貴香 引用關係
作者(外文):Han, Kuei-Hsiang
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:心理學研究所
指導教授:李美枝
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:請託道德臉面恥感文化社會心理均衡選擇求助對象favor-requestmoral faceshame culturepsychosocial-homeostasishelper-seeking
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:47
本研究採情境實驗法,探討具有「道德臉面」威脅的請託情境,如何影響個人選擇不同的求助對象。研究一操弄請託情境為「有關」vs.「無關」道德臉面的威脅。結果發現:在「無關」道德臉面威脅的情境,絕大多數的問卷填答者,選擇向情感性關係的家人求助,這時個人決定找家人幫忙的主要考量,是希望獲得「較好的協助」;反之,在「有關」道德臉面威脅的情境下,絕大多數的問卷填答者,選擇向工具性關係的陌生人求助,而此時個人主要的考量,是為了「維護面子」。不過,在「有關」道德臉面威脅的請託情境,又無陌生人可以求助的情況,問卷填答者選擇向家人或朋友求助的人數,並沒有顯著的差異。
研究二操弄威脅「道德臉面」的請託情境,事件當事人和請託者之間不同的自我關聯程度(自己vs. 家人vs. 朋友),以及此失面子事件的發生,是否有一可被接受或同情的「合理藉口」。研究發現:當「自己」就是事件當事人,且沒有合理藉口時,問卷填答者傾向選擇工具性關係的陌生人求助。反之,如果事件的發生有一可解釋的外在理由,則問卷填答者選擇向陌生人和朋友求助的人數沒有顯著差異。當事件當事人是「家人」且沒有合理藉口時,填答者同樣會選擇向陌生人求助。不過,當「家人」有可被同情的藉口時,則絕大多數的填答者,選擇向朋友求助。在當事人是「朋友」的情境,則不管事件發生的理由為何,大多數的問卷填答者,均選擇向混合性關係的其他朋友求助。與研究一相同的是問卷填答者在選擇向「朋友」求助時,考量的因素是希望能獲得「較好的協助」,反之,當其選擇向「陌生人」求助時,考量的因素則是希望能「維護面子」。
研究三則設計在威脅個人「道德臉面」的請託情境中,有一些可以讓事件當事人覺得不會沒面子的可幫助熟識者(同事)。並操弄讓當事人感到「沒面子」程度不同的求助對象選擇(同事vs.陌生人vs.家人vs.朋友)。研究發現:當有不會讓當事人覺得沒面子的對象存在時,問卷填答者多優先選擇向此對象(同事)求助。只有在沒有此對象可以選擇的情況下,填答者才會退而求其次地選擇向「陌生人」求助,在連陌生人也無法選擇的情況下,問卷填答者選擇向家人或朋友求助的人數則沒有顯著差異。分析研究的資料則發現,影響問卷填答者分別選擇向「同事」、「陌生人」、「家人」或「朋友」求助的主要因素,是因為相對而言,在該不同求助對象的選擇下,問卷填答者對該對象比較不會覺得「沒面子」。
整體而言,在威脅「道德臉面」的請託情境中,最能預測問卷填答者,選擇哪一種關係對象求助的預測變項,是其「沒面子」的感受,而非西方個人主義文化中強調的「自尊」。同時,當個人因覺得「沒面子」而選擇向陌生人求助時,其考量的主要因素是希望能「維護面子」。換言之,在會威脅自己面子的情況下,是否能獲得對方「比較好的協助」,則不是那麼重要。
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